Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

نَفَضَ, (Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَنْفُضُ}, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) inf. n. نَفْضٌ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb,) He shook (Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) a thing, (Mgh, Mṣb,) or a garment, or piece of cloth, (Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) in order that what was upon it, of dust, &c., might fall off (Ṣ,* A,* Mgh, Ḳ,*) or to remove from it dust and the like; (Mṣb:) he took a thing with his hand, and shook it, or shook it violently, to remove the dust from it: (TA:) and in like manner a tree, in order that what was upon it [of face or of leaves] might fall of; (Ṣ, A;) [as, for instance,] a tree of the kind called عِضاه, to shake off its leaves. (TA) You say also, نَفَضَ عَنَهُ الغُبَارَ and التُّرَابَ [He shook off from it the dust]. (A.) And نَفَضَتُ الوَرَقَ مِنْ الشَّجَرَة. inf. n. as above, [He shook off the leaves from the tree;] be made the leaves to fall from the tree. (Mṣb,) And نَفْضٌ also signifies The sprinkling or scattering in drops, (syn. رَشٌّ,) water and blood, (A, Ḳ, in art. رش,) and tears, (Ḳ, ibid.):, &c. (A, ibid.)

[Hence,] نَفَضَتْهُ الحُمَّى (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) ‡ The fever made him to shiver, or tremble (Aṣ, TA)

And نَفَضَتِ المَرْأَةُ, (Ḳ,) or نَفضَتْ كَرِشَهَا, (Ṣ,) or نَفَضَتْ وَلَدَهَا مِنْ بَطْنها, (A,) The woman have many children; was prolific (Ṣ, Ḳ. TA) And نَفَضَت الإِبِلُ † The she-camels brought forth, (Ṣ, L, Ḳ,) all of them: (L;) andانفضت↓ signifies the same. (IDrd, Ṣ, Ḳ.) And نَفَضَتِ الدَّحَاجَةُ بَيْضَها ‡ [The hen laid her eggs. or all her eggs]. (A. TA.)

[Hence also,] فَامَ يَنَفُضُ الكرَى † [He arose, shaking off drowsiness]. (A. TA.) And نَفَضَ الأَسْفَامَ عَنْهُ وَٱسْتَصَحّ ‡ [He shook off maladies from him, and recovered from his sickness]; i. e. his health became in a sound state. (A. TA.) And نَفَضَ مِنْ مَرَضِهِ (A,) inf. n. نُفُوضٌ, (TA, Ḳ,) ‡ He recovered, or became free, from his disease. (A, Ḳ,* TA.)

And نَفَضْتُ لَهُ مَا فِى جِرَابِى † I showed him what was in my heart. (Er-Rághib, TA, in art. شكو and شكى.)

And نَفَضَ الطَّرِيقَ ‡ He cleared the road of robbers, and intercepters of travellers: ‡ he guarded the road. (A. TA. [The latter signification is shown by an explanation or the act. part. n.]) It is said in the trad. of Aboo-Bekr and the cave [in which Moḥammad was hiding himself], أَنَا أَنَفُضُ مَا حَوْلَكَ ‡ I will guard what is around thee, and go round about to try if I can see a pursuer. (TA.) You say also, نَفَضَ المَكَان, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) aor. as above, (TA.) inf. n. نَفَضٌ (Ṣ, TA.) andاستنفضهُ↓, andتنفّضهُ↓; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) ‡ He looked trying to see all that was in the place: (Ṣ;) or he looked at all that was in the place so as to know it. (Ḳ) And hence نَفَضَ signifies ‡ He searched to the at most. (L.) And إِذَا تَكَلَّمُت نَهَارًا فَٱنْفُضْ وَإِذَا تَكَلَّمْتَ لَيْلًا فَٱخْفِضْ (Ṣ, Ḳ,* TA) ‡ When thou speakest by day, look aside, or about, to try if thou see any one whom thou dislikest; (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA;) and when thou speakest by night, lower thy voice. (TA.) Andاستنفض↓ القَوْمَ ‡ He looked at the people, or company of men, endeavouring to obtain a clear knowledge of them; or considered, or examined, them repeatedly, in order to know them. (TA.) The saying of El-ʼOjeyr Es-Saloolee,

*إِلَى مَلِكٍ يَسْتَنْفِضُ↓ القَوْمَ طَرْفُهُ *

means ‡ [To a king whose eye] looks at the people, or company of men, and knows who among them has the right on his side: or looks to see in whom among them is mental perception, sagacity, intelligence, forecast, or skill in affairs, and which of them is of the contrary description: (TA:) [or]فُلَانٌ يَسْتَنْفِضُ↓ طَرْفُهُ القَوْمَ means ‡ [The eye of] such a one makes the people, or company of men, to tremble, by reason of his awfulness. (A, TA.)

You also say, الإِبِلُ تَنْفُضُ الأَرْضَ † The camels traverse the land. (IAạr.)

And نَفَضَ القُرْآنَ, (IAạr,) or السُّوَرَ, (Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَنْفُضُ}, inf. n. نَفْضٌ, (IAạr,) ‡ He read, or recited, (IAạr, Ḳ,) the Ḳur-án, (IAạr,) or the chapters thereof. (Ḳ.)

And نَفَضْنَا حَلَائِبَنَا, inf. n. نَفْضٌ; andاِسْتَنْفَضْنَاهَا↓; ‡ We milked our milch beasts to the uttermost, not leaving any milk in their udders: (TA:) andانتفض↓ الفَصِيلُ مَا فِى الضَّرْعِ ‡ the young camel sucked out all that was in the udder. (A, TA.)

[It is also used intransitively in the following exs., as well as in some instances given above. Thus نَفَضَ الشَّجَرُ app. signifies The trees shook off, or dropped, their leaves or fruit. (See an ex. voce عَتِيقٌ, last sentence but one.)]

[And hence] one says, نَفَضَ مَا فِى الجُلَّةِ [app. meaning What was in the palm-leaf basket became exhausted; like نَفِدَ; or it may be syn. with انتفض]; (A, Ḳ;) or جَمِيعُ مَا فِيهَا [all that was in it; which shows that ما in the former instance is virtually in the nom. case]. (TA.) See also 4, in two places.

And نَفَضَ الصِّبْغُ, (ISh, Mgh, Ḳ,) inf. n. نَفْضٌ, (ISh, TA,) or نُفُوضٌ, (TA,) ‡ The dye (ISh, Ḳ, TA,) of a red or yellow garment, or piece of cloth, (ISh, TA,) lost somewhat of its colour. (ISh, Ḳ, TA.) And hence, (Mgh,) نَفَضَ الثَّوْبُ, (A, Mgh,) aor. ـُ {يَنْفُضُ}, (A,) inf. n. نُفُوضٌ, (A, Mgh,) ‡ The garment, or piece of cloth, lost its dye: (A:) or lost somewhat of its colour, of redness, or yellowness: (Mgh:) or the colour of its dye faded away so that there remained nothing but the trace. (TA.) نَفْضٌ, accord. to the lawyers, signifies † The being scattered, strewn, strewed, or dispersed: and accord. to [the Hanafee Imám] Moḥammad, the non-transition of the trace of the dye to another thing: or its exhaling a sweet odour. (Mgh [but it seems that the particle لا, which I have rendered “non,” is inserted by mistake in my copy of the Mgh.])

نَفَضَ الزَّرْعُ, (Ḳ,) or نَفَضَ الزَّرْعُ سَبَلًا, (TA,) † The seed-produce put forth the last of its ears. (Ḳ, TA.) And نَفَضَ الكَرْمُ † The grape-vine opened its bunches, or racemes. (Ḳ.) [See also 8.]

نفّض, (Ṣ, TA,) inf. n. تَنْفِيضٌ, (TA,) He shook a garment, or piece of cloth, and a tree, much, or vehemently, in order that what was upon it might fall off. (Ṣ, TA.*)

Said of a horse, i. q. رَفَّضَ, q. v. (TA in art. رفض.)

أَنْفَضَتِ الجُلَّةُ i. q.نَفَضَ↓ مَا فِى الجُلَّةِ, (A, Ḳ,) or جَمِيعُ مَا فِيهَا: (TA:) see 1.

انفضوا originally signifies They shook their provision-bags, in order that the dust or the like might fall from them. (A.) And hence, (A,) ‡ Their travellingprovisions became consumed, (Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ, TA,) and their wheat, or food; (M, TA;) like أَرْمَلُوا; (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,* TA;) as though they shook their provision-bags in order that the dust or the like might fall from them, because of their being empty; (TA;) as alsoنَفَضُوا↓: (Ḳ:) or انفضوا, (Ḳ,) or, as IDrd says, انفضوا زَادَهُمْ, making the verb trans., (TA,) They consumed their travellingprovisions. (IDrd, Ḳ.) And ‡ Their camels, or the like, (أَمْوَالُهُمْ,) died, or perished. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) إِنْفَاضٌ [the inf. n.] also signifies † The suffering hunger, or famine: and want. (TA.)

انفضت الإِبِلُ: see نفضت.

انتفض It (a thing, Mgh, Mṣb, or a garment, or piece of cloth, Ṣ, A, Ḳ, and a tree, Ṣ, A) shook, or became shaken, (Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) so that what was upon it, of dust, &c., fell off, (Mgh,) or so that the dust and the like became removed from it. (Mṣb.) Hence the saying in a trad., يَنْتَفِضُ بِهِ الصِّرَاطُ, i. e. [The bridge extending over hell will shake with him so that he will fall from it: or] will shake him, or shake him violently, or [app. a mistake for and] make him to fall. (Mgh.)

‡ He trembled, quaked, or shivered: said of a man, and of a horse. (A, TA.)

† It (a grapevine) became beautiful and bright in its leaves: (Ḳ:) [as though its dust became shaken off.]

It is also used transitively: see 1, latter half: and see 1, in three places.

استنفض القَوْمُ ‡ The people, or company of men, sent forth a نَفِيضَة, (Ṣ, Ḳ,* TA,) or party of scouts: (TA:) or sent forth نَفَضَة, or persons to clear the roads of robbers and of intercepters of travellers, or to guard the roads. (A, L, TA.)

استنفض المَكَانَ: and القَوْمَ: see 1, in four places.

استنفضهُ also signifies ‡ He extracted, educed, or elicited, it. (A, Mgh,* Ḳ.) You say, اِسْتَنْفَضْتُ مَا عِنْدَهُ ‡ I extracted, educed, or elicited, what he had. (A, TA.*)

And hence, (Mgh,) استنفض ‡ He performed the act of cleansing termed اِسْتِنْجَآء, (Mgh, Ḳ,) with three stones, (Mgh,) or with the stone: (Ḳ:) or this is from نَفَضَ الثَّوْبَ; because the person who performs this act shakes off from himself what is annoying, with the stone; i. e., removes it. (TA.) You say also, استنفض الذَّكَرَ ‡ He took extraordinary pains in cleansing, or he cleansed entirely, (إِسْتَبْرَأَ,) the penis from the remains of the urine; as alsoانتفضهُ↓; (Ḳ;) andانتفض↓ [alone]: (TA:) and↓ this last, he sprinkled some water upon his pudendum after the ablution termed وُضُوْء. (TA in art. نصح.)

[Hence also,] استفضنا حَلَائِبَنَا: see 1.

نَفَضٌ What has fallen, of the produce of a tree; (TA;) what has fallen, of leaves, and of fruit: (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ:) or a thing that one shakes [or has shaken] off: (T in art. ذرى:) of the measure فَعَلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA,) like قَبَضٌ in the sense of مَقْبُوضٌ, (Ṣ, TA,) and هَدَمٌ in the sense of مَهْدُومٌ: (TA:) and (Ḳ, TA) what has fallen, (TA,) of grapes, [in the CK we find حَبُّ العِنَبِ for حَبِّ العِنَبِ, the reading in other copies of the Ḳ,] when they are found (يُوجَدُ [in the CK يُؤْخَدُ, thus, with خ, and with the unpointed د,]) one with another, (Ḳ. TA,) or cleaving one to another: (L, TA:) or what has fallen, of dates, at the feet of the palm-trees: (M, TA:) or what has fallen, of fruit, at the feet of trees; as alsoأَنَافِيضُ↓: (A:) or↓ this last signifies leaves that are shaken off upon the نِفَاض, q. v.; as alsoنِفَاضٌ↓ [which is app. pl. of نَفَضٌ, like as جِبَالٌ is pl. of جَبَلٌ]: (Ṣgh, Ḳ:) the sing. of انافيض is أُنْفُوضَةٌ↓. (TA.) [See also نُفَاضَةٌ.]

قوْمٌ نَفَضٌ [app. quasi-pl. of نَافِضٌ↓, like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ,] ‡ A people, or company of men, whose travelling-provisions have become consumed. (ISh.)

نُفْضَةٌ ‡ The shivering, or trembling, attending a fever termed النَّافِض; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) as alsoنُفَضَهٌ↓ (Ṣgh, Ḳ) andنُفَضَآءُ↓. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) [See also نِفِّضَى.] The subst. [from these words, which seems to indicate that they are inf. ns. or from نَفَضَتْهُ الحُمَّى, which precedes them in the Ḳ,] is نَفَاضٌ↓ [app. signifying ‡ A shivering, or tremour, attending that fever]. (Ḳ.)

† A rain which falls upon a piece of land and misses another piece. (Ṣ.) [In the O and Ḳ in art. عهد, written نَفْضَة.]

نُفَاضٌ: see نُفَاضَةٌ.

Also, andنَفَاضٌ↓, ‡ The failure of travelling-provisions; i. e. their being consumed: or dearth, or drought: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) the latter of the words, and of the explanations, on the authority of Th. (Ṣ.) Hence, النفاضُ يُقَطِّرُ الجَلَبَ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) a proverb, meaning, ‡ The failure of provisions, (TA,) or dearth, or drought, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) causes the camels, driven or brought from one place to another, to be disposed in files for sale, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) in order that their owners may buy provisions with their price. (TA.)

نِفَاضٌ: see نُفَاضَةٌ: and نَفَضٌ.

A piece of cloth upon which the leaves of the سَمُرُ and the like fall, it being spread, (Ḳ, TA.) and the tree being beaten with a staff, or stick: (TA:) pl. نُفُضٌ: (Ḳ:) and [in like manner] مِنْفَضٌ↓ andمِنْفَاضٌ↓ signify a garment of the kind called كِسَآء, upon which the نَفَض [or leaves or fruit of a tree] fall: (A, TA:) orمِنْفَضٌ↓ signifies i. q. مِنْسَفٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) i. e. a vessel (وِعَآء) in which dates [and grain] are shaken to remove the dust, &c. (TA.)

A garment of the kind called إِزَار worn by boys: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) pl. as above. (TA.) You say also, مَا عَلَيْهِ نِفَاضٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) meaning He has not upon him any clothing. (Ibn-ʼAbbád, Ḳ.)

نَفُوضٌ ‡ A woman having many children: prolific. (Ṣ, A, Ḳ.)

رَجُلٌ نَفُوضٌ لِلْكَلَامِ ‡ A man who considers, examines, or studies, speech, or language, or does so repeatedly, in order to obtain a clear knowledge of it. (TA.)

نُفَاضَةٌ What has fallen in consequence of shaking to cause something upon it to fall; (Ṣ;) what has fallen from a thing so shaken; (IDrd, Ḳ;) whatever it be; as, for instance, of leaves; and mostly, of leaves of the سَمُر in particular, when collected and beaten off [or rather beaten off and collected] in a garment, or piece of cloth; (IDrd, L, TA;) [like نَفَضٌ, q. v.;] andنُفَاضٌ↓ signifies the same; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) andنِفَاضٌ↓ also. (Ḳ.) And What remains in one's mouth, of a سِوَاك [or tooth-stick], and is spit out; or a particle broken off therefrom, remaining in the mouth, and spit out; i. q. نُفَاثَةُ سِوَاكٍ, (IAạr, Ḳ,) and ضُوَازَتُهُ. (IAạr.)

نَفِيضَةٌ ‡ A company sent forth into the land to see whether there be in it an enemy, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) or not, (Ḳ,) or any [cause of] fear; (Ṣ;) like طَلِيعَةٌ; (Ṣ, TA;) as alsoنَفَضَةٌ↓; [pl. of نَافِضٌ↓, like as طَلَبَةٌ is of طَالِبٌ:] (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or the former signifies men going before an army as scouts, or explorers: (Aṣ, in TA, voce حَضِيرَةٌ:) or men who explore a place thoroughly: and also, a single person: (AʼObeyd, in TA, ibid.:) or a scout, or scouts, stationed on a mountain or other elevated place: (TA:) or one who guards the road: (A, TA:) or a company [of men]: (TA:) and↓ the latter, persons who clear the roads of robbers and of intercepters of travellers; or who guard the roads; (A, TA:) the pl. of the former is نَفَائِضُ; (Ṣ;) which also signifies persons who throw pebbles in order to know if there be behind them anything that they dislike, or an enemy. (Ḳ.)

Also, the pl., † Lean, or emaciated, camels; (Ṣ, Ḳ:) accord to AA, as occurring in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, in which he says,

* تُلْقِى النَّفَائِضُ فِيهِ السَّرِيحَا *

(Ṣ, TA,) In which the lean, or emaciated, camels cast the shoes; meaning that these have become dissundered; or, as Akh says, the thongs so called [by which their shoes are fastened], these being dissundered; فيه referring to the road; but some read, فِيهَا, referring to the roads, mentioned before: (TA:) Aṣ reads نفائض, as well as AA: (Ṣ, TA:) but others read the word with ق, as pl. of نِقْضٌ, and signifying “jaded” camels: (so in a copy of the Ṣ:) or نفائض signifies camels which traverse the land. (IAạr, Ḳ.)

The sing. is also said to signify Waters where there is not any one. (IAạr, Sh; both in the TA. voce حَضِيرَةٌ, q. v., and the former also in this art.)

نِفِّضَى Motion: and tremour; or shivering; as alsoنِفِضَّى↓ andنَفَضَى↓. (O, Ḳ.) [See also نُفْضَةٌ.]

نَافِضٌ † A fever attended with shivering, or trembling: (Ṣ, A.* Ḳ:) of the masc. gender: (ISd, Ḳ:) but applied as an epithet to حُمَّى [which is fem.] (TA.) Contr. of صَالِبٌ. (Ṣ, in art. صلب.) You say, أَخَذَتْهُ حُمَّى نَافِضٍ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and حُمَّى بِنَافِضٍ, (Ḳ,) which is the more approved form, (TA,) and حُمَّى نَافِضٌ, (Ḳ,) the latter word being sometimes thus used as an epithet; the second meaning ‡ Fever took him, or affected him, with [a shivering, or trembling, or] violent shivering or trembling; (TA;) [and the first and third, fever attended with shivering, or trembling, took him, or affected him.]

See also نَفِيضَةٌ

and نَفَضٌ

ثَوْبٌ نَافِضٌ ‡ A garment, or piece of cloth, which has lost its dye: (A:) or which has lost somewhat of its colour, of redness, or yellowness. (Mgh.)

مُنْفِضٌ, (A,) or منفضة [i. e. مُنْفِضَةٌ], (TA,) ‡ A hen that has laid her eggs, or all her eggs, (نَفَضَتْ بَيْضَهَا, A, TA,) and desisted, (A,) or become weary. (TA.)

مَنْفُوضٌ ‡ Made to shiver, or tremble, by fever (Ṣ, Ḳ.)