Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

by Edward William Lane (1801-1876)

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عدو عذب عذر


1. ⇒ عذب

عَذُبَ, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) aor. ـُ {يَعْذُبُ}, (TA,) inf. n. عُذُوبَةٌ, said of water, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) [and app. of wine or other beverage, and of food, (see عَذْبٌ,)] It was, or became, sweet: (Ṣ, O,* TA:) or it was, or became, easy and agreeable to be drunk or swallowed. (Mṣb.) [See also 12.]

Root: عذب - Entry: 1. Signification: A2

[Freytag has also assigned to it a meaning belonging to أَعْذَبَ, q. v.]

Root: عذب - Entry: 1. Dissociation: B

عَذَبَ: see 4, in two places.

Root: عذب - Entry: 1. Dissociation: C

And see also 2, last sentence.

Root: عذب - Entry: 1. Dissociation: D

[عَذِبَ, inf. n. عَذَبٌ, is mentioned by Golius as signifying “Quisquiliis aut lente palustri obducta fuit,” and in a similar manner by Freytag; by both as said of water, and as on the authority of the Ḳ: but I find, in the Ḳ, no ground for this, except an explanation of عَذِبٌ, q.v., of which ISd knew not a verb.]


2. ⇒ عذّب

عذّبهُ, inf. n. تَعْذِيبٌ, He punished, castigated, or chastised, him: (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ:) [and he, or it, tormented, or tortured, him:] originally, he beat him: then, he punished him in any painful manner. (Mṣb.) It is said in a trad., إِنَّ المَيِّتَ يُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَآءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ [Verily the dead will be punished for his family's weeping for him]: the reason of which is probably this; that the Arabs used to charge their families to weep and wail for them; therefore the dead is obnoxious to punishment for his having done this. (IAth, TA.) And the verb is used metaphorically in relation to that which has not sensation: a poet says,

* لَيْسَتْ بِسَوْدَآءَ مِنْ مَيْثَآءَ مُظْلِمَةٍ *
* وَلَمْ تُعَذَّبْ بِإِدْنَآءٍ مِنَ النَّارِ *

[It (app. wine) is not black, from Meytha, darkcoloured; nor has it been mulled (such seems to be here the meaning of the verb) by being put near to fire, or by being boiled]. (L, TA. [See also مُعَذَّبَةٌ.])

Root: عذب - Entry: 2. Signification: A2

See also 4, in two places.

Root: عذب - Entry: 2. Dissociation: B

عذّب سَوْطَهُ, and هدّبهُ, [perhaps a mistranscription forعَذَبَهُ↓, for accord. to Golius, this last and the first here mentioned are expl. by Z in the sense here following,] He put an عِلَاقَة [i. e. an عَذَبَة] to his whip: so in the A. (TA.)


4. ⇒ اعذب

اعذب القَوْمُ The people, or party, became in the condition of having sweet water. (Ḳ, TA. [Freytag has erroneously assigned this meaning to عَذُبَ.])

Root: عذب - Entry: 4. Dissociation: B

And اعذب, (O, TA,) inf.n. إِعْذَابٌ, (Ḳ, TA,) He abstained, or desisted, (O, Ḳ,* TA,) عَنْ شَىْءٍ from a thing; (TA;) and, (Ḳ, TA,) in like manner followed by عَنْ, (TA,) he left, quitted, or relinquished, (Ḳ, TA,) a thing: (TA:) andاستعذب↓, (Ḳ, TA,) likewise followed by عَنْ, (TA,) signifies the same: (Ḳ, TA:) and عَذْبٌ, (Ḳ, TA,) as inf. n. of عَذَبَ↓, (MF, TA,) signifies the abstaining,, &c., (Ḳ, MF, TA,) from a thing: and [particularly] the abstaining (of a man, and of an ass, and of a horse, TA) from eating, by reason of intense thirst; (Ḳ, TA;) being neither fasting nor breaking fast; (TA;) and so عُذُوبٌ as inf. n. of the same verb. (MF, TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: 4. Dissociation: C

And اعذبهُ, (Ṣ, O,) inf. n. إِعْذَابٌ; (Ḳ;) andعذّبهُ↓, (O,) inf. n. تَعْذِيبٌ; (Ḳ;) andعَذَبَهُ↓, (O,) inf. n. عَذْبٌ; (Ḳ;) He prevented, hindered, withheld, restrained, or forbade, him, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,*) عَنِ الأَمْرِ from [doing] the thing, or affair. (Ṣ, O.) One says, أَعْذِبْ نَفْسَكَ عَنْ كَذَا Withhold, or restrain, thyself from such a thing. (Ṣ, O.)

Root: عذب - Entry: 4. Dissociation: D

اعذبهُ [He deprived it of its عَذَب; i. e.] he removed from it, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) namely, water, (Ḳ,) or a watering-trough, or tank, (Ṣ, O,) the floating particles that were upon it, (Ṣ, O,) or its [green substance termed] طُحْلُب, (Ḳ,) or both of these: (TA:) andتَعْذِيبٌ↓ [in like manner] signifies the removing of what is termed عَذَب. (Bḍ in ii. 6.)


8. ⇒ اعتذب

اعتذب He made [the] two ends (عَذَبَتَيْنِ) of his turban to hang down behind. (O, Ḳ, TA.)


10. ⇒ استعذب

استعذب المَآءَ He reckoned, or esteemed, the water sweet. (O, Mṣb, TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: 10. Signification: A2

And He sought sweet water: you say, استعذب لِأَهْلِهِ he sought sweet water for his family. (TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: 10. Signification: A3

And He drank the water sweet. (TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: 10. Signification: A4

And He drew sweet water. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.*) One says, يُسْتَعْذَبُ لِفُلَانٍ مِنْ بِئْرِ كَذَا i. e. [Sweet water] is drawn for such a one from such a well. (Ṣ, O.)

Root: عذب - Entry: 10. Signification: A5

And استعذب لَهُ المَآءَ He brought to him sweet water. (TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: 10. Dissociation: B

12. ⇒ اعذوذب

اعذوذب, like اِحْلَولَى, said of water, It was, or became, sweet, [like عَذُبَ,] or very sweet. (Lb, TA.)


عَذْبٌ

عَذْبٌ Sweet water: (Ṣ, O:) or water, (Mṣb,) or wine, or beverage, and food, (Ḳ,) that is easy and agreeable to be drunk or swallowed: (Mṣb, Ḳ:) pl. عِذَابٌ (O, Mṣb, TA) and عُذُوبٌ. (TA.) You say رَكِيَّةٌ عَذْبَةٌ [A well of sweet water]: and مَآءٌ عَذْبٌ [sweet water]: and also مَآءَةٌ عَذْبَةٌ [a sweet water]: and مَآءٌ عِذَابٌ [sweet water or waters], using a pl. epithet in this last case because مَآءٌ is a coll. gen. n., of which مَآءَةٌ is the n. un. (TA.) And Aboo-Heiyeh En-Nemeree says, describing water,

* لَهُ غَلَلٌ بَيْنَ الإِجَامِ عُذُوبُ *

[Having sweet water permeating amid the reedbeds, or the thickets]: he uses غَلَلٌ as a coll. gen. n., and therefore pluralizes the epithet. (L, TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذْبٌ Signification: A2

One says also نِسٓاءٌ عِذَابُ الثَّنَايَا[Women sweet in respect of the front teeth]. (A.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذْبٌ Signification: A3

And إِنَّهُ لَعَذْبُ اللِّسَانِ[Verily he is sweet in respect of the tongue]; likening his tongue to the water that is termed عَذْب. (Lḥ, TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذْبٌ Dissociation: B

Also A sort of trees; (Ḳ, TA;) the same that is called عَذَبٌ [q. v.]. (TA.)


عَذَبٌ

عَذَبٌ, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) [a coll. gen. n.] of which, in all its senses, the n. un. is darr; عَذَبَةٌ, (Ḳ, TA,) Motes, or particles of rubbish or the like, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ, TA,) floating upon water. (TA.) [In this sense, it is said in the Ṣ and O that عَذَبَةٌ is its sing. or n. un.] One says مَآءٌ ذُو عَذَبٍ Water abounding with such motes or particles. (Ṣ, O. See also عَذِبٌ.) Andعَذِبَةٌ↓ has the same meaning as the n. un. of عَذَبٌ in this sense: (Ḳ:) and signifies likewise, as alsoعَذَبَةٌ↓ andعَذْبَةٌ↓, (L, Ḳ,) this last mentioned by IAạr, (L,) [the green substance called] طُحْلُب (L, Ḳ, TA) and عَرْمَض and the like, (L, TA,) or طُحْلُب and dung (دِمْن), floating upon water. (TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Signification: A2

And What comes forth next after the fœtus from the womb. (O, Ḳ.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Dissociation: B

Also A sort of trees, (AḤn, O, Ḳ,) of the shrub-kind: (AḤn, O:) the same that is called عَذْبٌ. (TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Dissociation: C

And The pieces of rag that women hold when wailing for the dead; as also مَعَاذِبُ, (O, Ḳ,) pl. ofمَعْذَبَةٌ↓ [or probably مِعْذَبَةٌ, like its syn. مِئْلَاةٌ, originally مِئْلَوَةٌ], or, accord. to AA, an anomalous pl. of [the n. un. of عَذَبٌ, i. e.] عَذَبَةٌ: (O:) one of such pieces of rag is also called مِعْوَزٌ, as well as عَذَبَةٌ. (TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Signification: C2

And Straps, or thongs: (Ṣ, O:) or the extremities thereof; as alsoعَذَبَاتٌ↓. (TA.) So in the saying of Dhu-r-Rummeh, (Ṣ, O, TA,) describing dogs of the chase, (O,)

* غُضْفٌ مُهَرَّتَةُ الأَشْدَاقِ ضَارِيَةٌ *
* مِثْلُ السَّرَاحِينِ فِى أَعْنَاقِهَا العَذَبُ *

[Having pendulous ears, wide in the sides of the mouth, habituated to the chase, resembling wolves, with straps, or thongs, or the extremities thereof, upon their necks]. (Ṣ, O, TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Signification: C3

Also, (Ḳ,) orعَذَبَةٌ↓, in this and other senses following, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, &c.,) [the former evidently wrong, the latter (as is said in the Ḳ) being its n. un. in all its senses,] The string with which a balance, or pair of scales, is raised. (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Signification: C4

And The end, or extremity, of a whip; (Mgh in art. ثمر, and Mṣb;) its tail; also called its ثَمَرَة: (Mgh ubi suprà:) or its عِلَاقَة, (TA in the present art.,) which means the [suspensory] thong in the handle thereof: (TA in art. علق:) or [it may have both of these significations, for it is said that it is] one of the عَذَبَتَانِ of a whip. (Ṣ, O.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Signification: C5

The end, or extremity of anything. (A, Ḳ.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Signification: C6

The extremity of the tongue; (Ṣ, O, Mṣb;) its [tip or] narrow extremity: (TA:) pl. عَذَبَاتٌ↓. (Mṣb.) One says,الحَقُّ عَلَى عَذَبَاتِ↓ أَلْسِنَتِهِمْ [Truth is on the tips of their tongues]. (A, TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Signification: C7

The extremity of the penis of a camel: (ISd, Ḳ, TA:) or the extremity of a camel's penis thin in the fore part. (TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Signification: C8

The part that hangs down of the [thong called] شِرَاك [q. v.] of a sandal. (O, TA. [See also ذُؤَابَةٌ.])

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Signification: C9

A piece of skin which is hung behind the hinder part (مُؤْخِرَة, O, Ḳ, or مُؤَخَّرَة, CK) of the [camel's saddle called] رَحْل, (O, Ḳ,) from its upper portion; (O;) also termed ذُؤَابَةٌ. (TA in art. ذأب.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Signification: C10

And عَذَبٌ [accord. to the TA, but correctly عَذَبَةٌ↓, (see 8,)] The portion [i. e. end] of a turban, that is made to hang down between the shoulders. (TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Signification: C11

And the same, [correctly عَذَبَةٌ↓, as is shown by what follows,] A piece of rag [or strip of linen or the like, called in French cravate,] that is bound upon the head of a spear. (TA.) One says, خَفَقَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ العَذَبُ (A, TA) i. e. خِرَقُ الأَلْوِيَةِ [The cravates fluttered over his head]. (A.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبٌ Signification: C12

Andعَذَبَةٌ↓ signifies also A branch of a tree; (Ṣ, O, Mṣb;) and soعَذِبَةٌ↓. (TA.)


عَذِبٌ

عَذِبٌ (Ḳ, TA) andذُو عَذَبٍ↓ (TA) Water overspread by [the green substance termed] طُحْلُب: (Ḳ, TA:) or abounding therewith, and with motes, or particles of rubbish or the like: (TA:) [or the latter signifies as expl. before: see عَذَبٌ, third sentence:] عَذِبٌ is thought by ISd to be a possessive epithet, [meaning ذُو عَذَبٍ,] because he found no verb belonging to it. (TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذِبٌ Dissociation: B

عَذِبٌ is also syn. with عَظِبٌ meaning A man alighting, or abiding, in places of dried-up herbage, and in a waterless desert. (TA in art. عظب.)


عَذْبَةٌ

عَذْبَةٌ: see عَذَبٌ.

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذْبَةٌ Dissociation: B

Also A certain tree, that kills camels, (O, Ḳ, TA,) if they eat thereof. (TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذْبَةٌ Signification: B2

And A well-known medicine. (Ḳ, TA. [In some copies of the Ḳ, دَآءٌ, or “disease,” is put for دَوَآءٌ, accord. to the TḲ, as observed by Freytag.])


عَذَبَةٌ

عَذَبَةٌ, and its pl. عَذَبَاتٌ: see عَذَبٌ, in nine places.

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذَبَةٌ Signification: A2

The pl. above mentioned signifies also The legs of a she-camel. (TA.)


عَذِبَةٌ

عَذِبَةٌ: see عَذَبٌ, fourth and last sentences.

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذِبَةٌ Dissociation: B

Also What is taken forth from طَعَام [i. e. wheat, or corn in general,] and thrown away; (Lḥ, Ḳ, TA;) being the worst thereof; also termed عَذِرَةٌ. (Lḥ, TA in art. عذر.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذِبَةٌ Dissociation: C

And Pasturage, or herbage: so in the phrase مَآءٌ مَا بِهِ عَذِبَةٌ, (O,) or مَآء لَا عَذِبَةَ فِيهِ [Water where is no pasturage, or herbage]. (TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَذِبَةٌ Signification: C2

It is also expl. in copies of the Ḳ as signifying, with the article, مَا أَحَاطَ مِنَ الدِّرَّةِ: but the right explanation is مَا أَحَاطَ بِالدَّبْرَةِ [app. meaning The ridge of earth that surrounds a sown piece of ground to retain the water for irrigation (see دَبْرٌ)], as in the M and L, &c. (TA.)


عَذَبِىٌّ

عَذَبِىٌّ, (thus in my copies of the Ṣ,) or عُذَبِىٌّ, (O, Ḳ, TA,) with the pointed ذ, accord. to AA, mentioned in the T in art. عدب, as written with the unpointed د, and here said in the Ḳ to be syn. with عُدَبِىٌّ, (TA,) Generous in natural dispositions. (AA, Ṣ, O, TA.)


عِذَبِينَ

أَصَابَهُ عَذَابُ عِذَبِينَ, (O, Ḳ, TA,) with kesr to the ع and fet-ḥ to the ذ, (O, TA,) like بِلَغِينَ, (Ḳ, TA, in the CK عُذَبِينَ like بُلَغِينَ,) and أَصَابَهُ العِذَبُونَ, (O, TA,) [May the punishment that will not be remitted befall him, or] may his punishment not be remitted: (O, Ḳ, TA:) so says Ibn-Buzurj. (O, TA.)


عَذَابٌ

عَذَابٌ Punishment, castigation, or chastisement, [or] such as serves to give warning to others than the sufferer, or to restrain the offender from repeating the offence; syn. عُقُوبَةٌ, (Ṣ, O,) or نَكَالٌ: (Ḳ, and Ksh and Bḍ in ii. 6:) so termed from عَذَبَ “he prevented”, &c.; because it prevents the person punished from returning to the like of his offence, and prevents others from doing the like of that which he has done: (MF, TA:) [it generally signifies any corporal punishment:] and, by an extension of the original signification, any [infliction of] pain that disgraces, or puts to shame: (Ksh and Bḍ ubi suprà:) originally, beating: afterwards used to signify any painful punishment: [torture; or torment:] and metaphorically applied to ‡ an affair, or event, that is difficult, distressing, afflicting, or troublesome; whence the saying, السَّفَرُ قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ العَذَابِ [Travel is a portion of that which is difficult,, &c.; or of torment]: (Mṣb:) in the Ḳur xxiii. 78, it means hunger, or famine: (Zj, O, TA:) the pl. is أَعْذِبَةٌ: (Zj, Ḳ, TA:) the author of the Ḳ says in art. نهر [voce نَهَارٌ] that it has no pl.: [and it seems to be doubted whether it have a pl. because it is properly an inf. n. though its verb in the unaugmented form is not used:] but MF observes that if it be a name for that whereby one is prevented [from repeating an offence], as hunger, or famine, agreeably with what Zj says, there is no reason why it should not have this pl. (TA.)


عَذُوبٌ

عَذُوبٌ: see عَاذِبٌ, in seven places.


عَذَابَةٌ

عَذَابَةٌ The womb; thus mentioned by Az, on the authority of El-Mundhiree and AHeyth, with the pointed ذ; (O, TA;) i. q. عَدَابَةٌ. (Ḳ, TA.)


عَاذِبٌ

عَاذِبٌ andعَذُوبٌ↓, applied to a horse or the like, &c., (Ṣ, O,) Such as is standing still, or stopping from fatigue, (قَائِمٌ, Ṣ,) that will not eat nor drink: (Ṣ, O:) or abstaining, or that abstains, from eating, by reason of intense thirst; (Ḳ, TA;) applied to a man, and an ass, and a horse: but Az says that the assertion respecting these two epithets that they signify [a horse, &c.] that neither eats nor drinks is more correct than the assertion respecting عَذُوبٌ↓ that it signifies [one] that abstains from eating by reason of his thirst: also, that عَاذِبٌ signifies any animal, but generally a horse and a camel, that will not eat anything: accord. to Th, this andعَذُوبٌ↓ signify a horse or the like standing still, or stopping from fatigue, (قَائِمٌ,) that raises his head, and will not eat nor drink; and the former, that passes a night without eating anything: (TA:) the pl. of عَاذِبٌ is عُذُوبٌ, like as سُجُودٌ is a pl. of سَاجِدٌ: and the pl. ofعَذُوبٌ↓ is عُذُبٌ, and, accord. to AʼObeyd, عُذُوبٌ [like as هُجُودٌ is pl. of هَجُودٌ]: Az says that this is a mistake, for a word of the measure فَعُولٌ does not form a pl. of the measure فُعُولٌ; but [SM says] this is an extr. instance; and he who preserves an authority in his mind is an evidence against him who does not. (TA.) One says,بَاتَ عَذُوبًا↓, meaning He passed the night without eating or drinking anything; because abstaining therefrom. (O.)

Root: عذب - Entry: عَاذِبٌ Signification: A2

عَاذِبٌ signifies also [Unsheltered;] having no covering between him and the sky; (O, Ḳ;) and soعَذُوبٌ↓. (Ḳ, TA.) El-Jaadee says, describing a wild bull (ثَوْر وَحْشِىّ [a species of bovine antelope]) that had passed the night alone, tasting nothing,

*فَبَاتَ عَذُوبًا↓ لِلسَّمَآءِ كَأَنَّهُ *
* سُهَيْلٌ إِذَا مَا أَفْرَدَتْهُ الكَوَاكِبُ *

[And he passed the night exposed without shelter to the sky, as though he were Canopus when the other stars have left him solitary]. (TA.)


الأَعْذَبَانِ

الأَعْذَبَانِ [The two most sweet things;] saliva (الرِّيق, Ṣ, O, Ḳ, or الرُّضَاب, A) and wine: (Ṣ, A, O, Ḳ: [for, in the amorous language of the Arab, the sweetness of the saliva of his beloved is often praised:]) or food and coïtus. (Ḳ.)


مُعْذِبٌ

لِجَامٌ مُعْذِبٌ A bridle that withholds from going away in a headlong manner. (O.)


مَعْذَبَةٌ / مِعْذَبَةٌ

مَعْذَبَةٌ [or مِعْذَبَةٌ?]: see عَذَبٌ.


مُعَذَّبَةٌ

مُعَذَّبَةٌ [for خَمْرٌ مُعَذَّبَةٌ] Wine mixed [with water, or with some other thing or things]. (A, TA.)

Root: عذب - Entry: مُعَذَّبَةٌ Signification: A2

And معذب [app. مُعَذَّب] is applied by the vulgar to Fresh ripe dates soaked with water. (TA voce مَنْقُوشٌ.)

Root: عذب - Entry: مُعَذَّبَةٌ Dissociation: B

سَوْطٌ مُعَذَّبٌ A whip having an عِلَاقَة [or عَذَبَة] attached to it. (TA.)


مَعْذَابُ

اِمْرَأَةٌ مَعْذَابُ الرِّيقِ A woman whose saliva is pleasant to be swallowed, and sweet. (TA.)


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