Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

رَفَقَ, (Ṣ, O, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَرْفُقُ}, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) inf. n. رِفْقٌ (Ṣ,* O, Mgh,* Mṣb,* Ḳ) and مَرْفِقٌ and مِرْفَقٌ (AZ, O, Ḳ,) and مَرْفَقٌ; (O, Ḳ;) and رَفِقَ, (JK, O, Ḳ,) [aor. ـَ {يَرْفَقُ},] inf. n. رَفَقٌ; (JK;) and رَفُقَ; (JK, O, Ḳ;) He was, or became, gentle, soft, tender, gracious, courteous, or civil; or he be haved, or acted, gently, softly,, &c. (JK, Ṣ, O, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ.) You say, رَفَقَ بِهِ, (AZ, Ṣ, O, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) and عَلَيْهِ, (AZ, O, Ḳ,) inf. ns. as above; (O, Ḳ;) and رَفِقَ, and رَفُقَ; (Ḳ;) He was, or became, gentle,, &c., or he behaved, or acted, gently,, &c., with him, (AZ, Ṣ, O, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) and to him; (AZ, O, Ḳ;) and in like manner,ترفّق↓ بِهِ, (Ṣ, O, Mgh, Ḳ,) andارفقهُ↓. (AZ, O, Ḳ.) Hence the saying of the Prophet, مَنْ رَفَقَ بِأُمَّتِى رَفَقَ ٱللّٰهُ بِهِ [He who is gentle,, &c., with my people, God will be gentle,, &c., with him]. (O.) [Hence, also,] one says,ترفّق↓ فِى أَمْرِهِ [and رَفَقَ فِيهِ as is indicated in the O] He used gentleness, or acted gently, in his affair; syn. تَأَتَّى. (Mṣb in art. اتى.) Andترفّق↓ لِحَاجَتِهِ He applied himself with gentleness to his needful affair or business; syn. تَأَتَّى. (T in art. اتى.) Andترفّق↓ لِلْأَمْرِ He applied himself with gentle ness to the affair; syn. تَلَطَّفَ. (Ṣ in art. لطف.)

Hence, رَفُقَ, in form like فَرُبَ, He was, or became, gentle, delicate, nice, neat, or skilful, in work or operation; the contr. of such as is termed أَخْرَق. (Mṣb.)

And رَفَقْتُ العَمَلَ, with fet-ḥ to the ف, aor. ـُ {يَرْفُقُ}, I did, or made, the deed, or work, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well. (Mṣb.)

And رَفَقْتُ فِى السَّيْرِ I pro ceeded in a right, or a moderate, manner in journeying, or in pace. (Mṣb.)

See also 4.

رَفَاقَةٌ is an inf. n. signifying The being a رَفَيق. (O, Ḳ.) Fr says, I heard a man at 'Arafát saying [to the pilgrims there assembled], جَعَلَكُمُ ٱللّٰهٌ فِى رَفَاقَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ [May God make you to be in the companionship of Moḥammad: may God bless and save him]. (O.) [And accord. to the TḲ, one says, رَفُقَ بِهِ, inf. n. رَفَاقَةٌ, meaning He became a رَفِيق with him: but what is commonly said in this sense is رَافقَهُ, q. v.]

رَفَقَ فُلَانًا, He struck the مِرْفَق [or elbow] of such a one. (Ḳ.)

And رَفَقَ النَّاقَةَ, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَرْفُقُ}, inf. n. رَفْقٌ, (Ṣ, O,) He bound the she-camel's arm [app. together with the shank (for such is the common practice)], (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) to prevent her going quickly, (Ṣ, O,) when fearing her yearning towards, or longing for, her home, or accustomed place: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) [or] رَفَقَ البَعِيرَ, aor. ـِ {يَرْفِقُ}, inf. n. رَفْقٌ, he bound the camel's neck (عُنُق [probably, I think, a mistranscription for عَضُد i. e. arm,]) to his pastern, because of a slight lameness therein. (JK.)

رَفِقَ said of a camel, aor. ـَ {يَرْفَقُ}, inf. n. رَفَقٌ, He had his elbow dis torted from his side. (TA and TḲ. [See رَفَقٌ below, and أَرْفَقُ: and see also دَفِقَ.])

[And رَفِقَتْ, inf. n.رَفَقٌ, is probably said of a she-camel, as meaning She had, in her teat, or teats, what is termed رَفَقٌ: see, again, this word below.]

تَرْفِيقٌ [as the inf. n. of the verb in the phrase رُفِّقَتِ الشَّاةُ, if this verb have been used, means A sheep's, or goat's having the fore legs white to the elbows; for it] is from شَاةٌ مُرَفَّقَةٌ, explained below. (O.)

رافقهُ He was, or became, his رَفِيق, or travelling-companion; he accompanied him in a journey; (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ;) inf. n. مُرَافَقَةٌ (TḲ) and رِفَاقٌ. (TA.)

And this latter inf. n. also signifies The being hypocritical, or acting hypocritically. (TA. [See also 3 in art. رمق.])

ارفقهُ: see 1, second sentence.

Also He profited him, or was useful to him; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) as alsoرَفَقَهُ↓. (Ḳ.)

[And in the present day, it means He associated him بِغَيْرِهِ with another or others.]

ترافقوا They were, or became, travellingcompanions; they travelled, or journeyed, together; as alsoارتفقوا↓: (JK:) and ترافقا they two were, or became, travelling-companions;, &c.: (Ḳ:) and ترافقنا فِى السَّفَرِ we were, or became, companions in travelling, or journeying. (Ṣ, O.)

ارتفق i. q. طلب رفقا [i. e. طَلَبَ رِفْقًا] and استعان [both meaning He sought, or demanded, aid, or help]. (Ḥar p. 395. [See also 10.])

And hence, (Ḥar ibid.,) ارتفق بِهِ He profited, or gained advantage or benefit, by him, or it, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, TA,) namely, a thing. (Mṣb.) [This phrase is also often used as meaning He made use of it; namely, a garment, and an implement, &c.]

See also 6.

Also He leaned upon the مِرْفَق of his arm [i. e. upon his elbow]: (O, Mṣb,* Ḳ:) or upon the pillow [called مِرْفَقَة]. (Ḳ.)

And It was, or became, full, or filled. (Ḳ.)

استرفقهُ He sought, or demanded, his profiting him, or being useful to him. (TA.)

تَمَرْفَقَ He took a مِرْفَقَة, i. e. pillow [upon which to lean with his elbow]. (Ṣ.)

رِفْقٌ an inf. n. of رَفَقَ; (O, Ḳ;) Gentleness, softness, tenderness, graciousness, courteousness, or civility; contr. of عُنْفٌ; (Ṣ, O, Mgh, Mṣb;) i. q. لُطْفٌ, and حُسْنُ صَنِيعٍ, (IDrd, O, Ḳ,) or لِينُ جَانِبٍ and لَطَافَةُ فِعْلٍ; and soرَفَقٌ↓; (JK;) andرَافِقَةٌ↓ likewise; whence the phrase أَوْلَى فُلَانًا رَافِقَةً [He treated such a one with gentleness,, &c.]. (JK, IDrd, O.) It is also explained as meaning Good submission to that which conduces to what is comely, or pleasing. (TA.)

And Gentleness, delicacy, nicety, neatness, or skilfulness, in work or operation; contr. of خُرْقٌ. (Mgh.)

Also A thing by means of which one seeks help or assistance. (Ḳ.) See also مِرْفَقٌ.

رَفَقٌ inf. n. of رَفِقَ: see the next preceding paragraph.

[Also Easy of attainment.] You say مَرْتَعٌ رَفَقٌ [A place of pasturing, or of unrestrained and plentiful pasturing,] easy to be sought [and attained]. (Ṣ, O.) And مَآءٌ رَفَقٌ Water that is easy (JK, Ṣ, O, Ḳ) to be sought (JK, Ṣ, O) and taken: (JK:) or of which the well-rope is short. (Ḳ.) And حَاجَةٌ رَفَقُ البِغْيَةِ An object of want that is easy [to be sought and attained]. (O, Ḳ.)

Also A distortion of the elbow of a camel from the side. (Lth, Ṣ, O, Ḳ. [Said to be the inf. n. of رَفِقَ, q. v.])

And A stoppage of the orifice of the teat, (Ḳ,) or of the orifices of the teats, (O,) of a she-camel: (O, Ḳ:) so says Zeyd Ibn-Kuthweh: (O:) or a disorder in the orifice of the teat, in consequence of being badly milked, or of the milker's not shaking the teat to remove what remained in it, so that the milk reverts into the udder, and turns to blood, or becomes coagulated and mixed with yellow water. (Ḳ. [Perhaps in this sense, also, an inf. n.: see 1, last sentence.])

See also رُفْقَةٌ.

رُفْقَةٌ, (JK, Ṣ, O, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) in the dial. of Temeem, (Mṣb,) andرِفْقَةٌ↓, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) in the dial. of Keys, (Mṣb,) andرَفْقَةٌ↓, and on the authority of Ibn-Tal-hah رُفَاقَةٌ↓, (Ḳ, [in which this last is said to be like ثُمَامَةُ, to indicate that it is with damm to the ر, but not (as will be shown below, voce رَفِيقٌ,) that it is without tenween, imperfectly decl., and determinate like الرُّفْقَةُ,]) Persons travelling, or journeying, together; (Mgh;) a company of persons [travelling, or journeying, or] with whom one is travelling, or journeying; but not when they have separated: (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ:) or persons with whom one travels, or journeys, as long as they are congregated in one place of assembly, and in one journey; but not when they have separated: (JK:) pl. [of mult.] رِفَاقٌ, (Ṣ, O, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) which is pl. of رُفْقَةٌ, (Mgh, Mṣb,) and رُفَقٌ, [which is also pl. of رُفْقَةٌ,] and [of pauc.] أَرْفَاقٌ; (O, Ḳ;) and the pl. of رِفْقَةٌ is رِفَقٌ: (Mṣb:) or رُفْقَةٌ is a quasi-pl. n. of رَفِيقٌ↓, or syn. with this last used in a pl. sense; and its pl. is رِفَقٌ and رُفَقٌ and [quasi-pl. n.] رَفَقٌ↓. (Ḳ.) [Golius explains the first and second and third, as on the authority of the KL, by the words “consortium, societas:” but in my copy of the KL, I find only the first and second; and these are explained only by the words گروه همراهان, agreeably with the renderings which I have given above.]

The pl. رِفَاقٌ also signifies Camels upon which people have gone forth to purvey for themselves wheat, or corn, or other provisions from the towns or villages; each, or every, company being termed a رُفْقَة. (TA voce رَطَانَةٌ.)

رَفِقَةٌ as an epithet applied to a she-camel: see أَرْفَقُ.

رِفَاقٌ The cord that is used for the purpose described in the explanation of رَفَقَ النَّاقَةَ, (Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) or in the explanation of رَفَقَ البَعِيرَ. (JK.) [See 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.] So in the saying of Bishr, (Ṣ,) i. e. of Bishr Ibn-Abee- Házim, (O,)

* فَإِنِّى وَالشَّكَاةَ مِنَ الِ لَأْىٍ *

* كَذَاتِ الضِغْنِ تَمْشِى فِى الرِّفَاقِ *

(O,) or وَآلَ لَامٍ, (Ṣ, O,) accord. to different readings: (O:) [i. e. And verily I, with respect to the fault, or the complaint, of the family of Läy, or and the family of Lám, am like her that yearns towards, or longs for, her home, or accustomed place, going along with her arm and shank in the رفاق]: he says, I am withheld from satirizing them, like as this she-camel that yearns towards, or longs for, her home, or accustomed place, is bound and withheld; but if they do not what I approve, I will let loose my tongue with satirizing them. (O.)

Also A thing in form like a finger, made for the teat of a she-camel when she is affected with the [disorder termed] رَفَق: it is stuffed with dates, and then the صِرَار [q. v.] is bound over it, in order that it [the teat] may be cured. (JK.)

رَفِيقٌ Gentle, soft, tender, gracious, courteous, or civil; (JK, Mṣb;) as alsoرَافِقٌ↓. (JK.)

And hence, (Mṣb,) Gentle, delicate, nice, neat, or skilful, in work or operation; contr. of أَخْرَقُ. (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

[Hence, also,] هٰذَا الأَمْرُ رَفِيقٌ بِكَ andرَافِقٌ↓ بِكَ and رَافِقٌ عَلَيْكَ † [This affair, or thing, is easy, or convenient, to thee: see أَرْفَقُ]. (O.)

Also A companion (JK, Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ) and companions (JK, Ṣ, O, Ḳ) in travel-ling, or journeying, and afterwards: (Kh, Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ:) used as sing. and pl., (JK, Ṣ, O, Ḳ,) like صَدِيقٌ (Ṣ, O) and خَلِيطٌ: (O:) pl. رُفَقَآءُ; (JK, Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) with which رُفَاقَةٌ↓ is syn., as in the phrase فِتْيَةٌ رُفَاقَةٌ [Young men companions, &c.]. (JK.) See also رُفْقَةٌ. It is said in the Ḳur [iv. 71], وَحَسُنَ أُولَائِكَ رَفِيقًا, (JK, Ṣ, O,) meaning رُفَقَآءَ [i. e. And good, or very good, will be those as companions after the journey of life] in Paradise! (JK.) And Moḥammad is related by ʼÁïsheh to have said, [just before his death,] when he had been given his choice between continuance in the present world and what was with God, and had chosen the latter, بَلِ الرَّفِيقَ الأَعْلَى مِنَ الجَنَّةِ [Nay, rather, the highest companions of Paradise]; meaning, I desire the company, or congregation, of the prophets. (O.)

أَرْفَقُ [compar. and superl. of رَفِيقٌ; meaning More, and most, gentle,, &c.]

[Hence,] one says, هٰذَا الأَمْرُ أَرْفَقُ بِكَ [and عَلَيْكَ] † This affair, or thing, is more, or most, easy, or convenient, to thee. (TA in art. عود.) [See also an instance voce مَحْنِيَةٌ (in art. حنو), last sentence.]

Also, applied to a camel, Having the elbow (المِرْفَق) distorted from the side: (JK, Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) so says Lth: (O:) and so the fem. رَفْقَآءُ, applied to a she-camel: (JK, Ṣ:) but Az says that the epithet preserved by him in his memory as heard from the Arabs applied to a camel is أَدْفَقُ, with دال. (O.)

Accord. to Aṣ, (O,) رَفْقَآءُ applied to a she-camel signifies Having the orifice of her teat stopped up; (O, Ḳ;) and soرَفِقَةٌ↓: (Ḳ:) the latter is said by Zeyd Ibn-Kuthweh to signify, so applied, having the orifices of her teats stopped up. (O.)

مِرْفَقٌ andمَرْفِقٌ↓ inf. ns. of رَفَقَ, (AZ, O, Ḳ,) of which مَرْفَقٌ↓ also is an inf. n. (O, Ḳ.)

Also A thing by which one profits, or gains advantage or benefit. (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ.) It is said in the Ḳur [xviii. 15], وَيُهَيِّئُ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ مِرْفَقًا orمَرْفِقًا↓, accord. to different readers, [i. e. And He will prepare for you a condition of your case by which ye shall profit], but no one reads مَرْفَقًا↓, (Ṣ, O,) which, however, is allowable, meaningرِفْقًا↓. (Ṣ. [See رِفْقٌ, last sentence.]) The pl. is مَرَافِقُ. (Mṣb.)

[Hence,] مَرَافِقُ الدَّارِ Such appertenances [or conveniences] of the house as the privy and the kitchen and the like: (Mgh, Mṣb:) or the sinks, and the like, of the house: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) and particularly privies: (O:) when used in these senses, the sing. is مِرْفَقٌ only, with kesr to the م and fet-ḥ to the ف, (Mgh, Mṣb,) likened to the noun signifying an instrument. (Mṣb.) [See also حَيِّزٌ, in art. حوز.]

And from the same words in the sense expl. in the second sentence above, (Mṣb,) مِرْفَقٌ andمَرْفِقٌ↓ signify also The elbow, or elbow-joint; the place where the ذِرَاع joins upon the عَضُد; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) [in other words,] the place where the عَضُد is connected with the سَاعِد; (Mgh;) the مرفق of a man: (Mṣb:) [and in like manner in a beast, the elbow, or elbowjoint, as in the JK, Ṣ, O, and Ḳ, voce أَرْفَقُ; and in countless other instances: but in the Ḳ voce رُكْبَةٌ (q. v.), it seems to be applied to the knee of a beast:] pl. as above. (Mṣb.)

مِرْفَقَةٌ A pillow (Ṣ, O, Mgh, Ḳ) upon which one leans [with the elbow]: from مِرْفَقٌ in the sense explained in the last sentence of the next preceding paragraph. (Mgh.)

شَاةٌ مُرَفَّقَةٌ A sheep, or goat, having the fore legs white to the elbows. (O, Ḳ.)

مِرْفَاقٌ A camel whose elbow hurts (يُصِيبُ) his side. (O, Ḳ.)

And A she-camel that is hurt by the صِرَار [q. v.] when her udder is bound therewith, and from whom blood issues (JK, O, Ḳ) when she is loosed [therefrom] (إِذَا حُلَّتْ), (JK,) or when she is milked (اذا حُلِبَتْ). (O, Ḳ.)

مَرْفُوقٌ A camel having a complaint of his مِرْفَق [or elbow]. (IDrd, O, Ḳ.)

مُرْتَفَقٌ A place, or thing, upon which one leans [properly with the مِرْفَق, or elbow]. (Bḍ in xviii. 28 and 30.)

مُرْتَفِقٌ Leaning upon his elbow. (Ṣ, O.)

Also Full, standing, and continuing, or remaining: (O, Ḳ:) or nearly full: so explained by IAạr as occurring in the following verse of ʼObeyd Ibn-El-Abras, (O,) describing rain that had filled the low tracts of ground: (TA in art. صوح:)

* فَأَصْبَحَ الرَّوْضُ وَالقِيعَانُ مُمْرِعَةً *

* مِنْ بَيْنِ مُرْتَفِقٍ مِنْهَا وَمُنْصَاحِ *

[And the meadows, and the plain, or soft, low tracts, became abundant with herbage, partly by what was full,, &c., in consequence thereof, and partly by what was flowing, running upon the surface of the ground]: (O:) or, as some relate it, مُتْرَعَةً [i. e. “filled”]; and مُرْتَتِقٍ, which means herbage “of which the blossoms have not yet come forth from their calyxes;” and مُنْصَاح [accord. to this reading] meaning herbage “of which the blossoms have appeared:” (TA in art. صوح:) [or, accord. to the reading مُرْتَتِقٍ, the meaning may be, “partly such as were compact thereof,” i. e. of the meadows, &c., “and partly such as were cracked” by the heat and drought:] another reading is

* مِنْ بَيْنِ مُرْتَفِقٍ مِنْهَا وَمِنْ طَاحِى *

من طاحى meaning “of what was flowing and going away.” (TA ubi suprà.) [Nearly the whole of this art. is wanting in the copies of the TA to which I have had access.]