Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

by Edward William Lane (1801-1876)

Toggle Menu

بأز بأس بأه


1. ⇒ بأس

بَؤُسَ, aor. يَبْؤُسُ, (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. بَأْسٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) or بَأْسَةٌ; (M; [so I find in a copy of the M, but perhaps it is a mistranscription for بَآسَةٌ;]) and بَئِسَ, [aor. يَبْأَسُ,] inf. n. بَأْسٌ; (M;) He was, or became, mighty, or strong, in war or fight; (Ḳ;) courageous, or valiant: (M, Mṣb, Ḳ:) or very mighty or strong in war or fight. (AZ, Ṣ.)

Root: بأس - Entry: 1. Dissociation: B

بَئْسُ, (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. يَبْأَسُ (Ṣ, M, Ḳ) and يَبْئِسُ, the latter extr., like يَنْعِمُ aor. of نَعِمَ, (M,) [and some other instances, (see حَسِبَ,)] inf. n. بُؤْسٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb,* Ḳ) and بُؤُوسٌ and بُؤْسَى (Ḳ) and بَأْسٌ (TA) and بَئيسٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) [in measure] like أَمِيرٌ, (TA,) [accord. to the CK بِئْسٌ, which is a mistake,] and بَئِيسَى, (TṢ, TA,) incorrectly written in the copies of the Ḳ بِئْسَى; (TA;) or بَؤُسَ; (A;) or both these forms; (M;) He was, or became, in a state of distress; straitened in his means of subsistence, or in the conveniences of life; (M, Mṣb;) in a state of poverty: (M, A, Mṣb,* TA:) or in a state of pressing want: (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA:) and بَؤُسَ, inf. n. بَآسَةٌ and بَئِيسٌ, whence the subst. بَؤْسَى, he was, or became, in a state of trial, or affliction: (M:) and [in like manner,]أَبْأَسَ↓, (inf. n. إِبْآسٌ,S,) distress, or poverty, or misfortune, or calamity, (البَأْسَآءُ,) befell him. (IAạr, Ṣ,* M, TA.)

Root: بأس - Entry: 1. Dissociation: C

بِئْسَ, also written بَئِسَ and بِئِسَ and بَأْسَ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) is a word of dispraise or blame, (Ṣ,) implying all kinds of dispraise or blame, (TA,) [or superlative dispraise or blame; signifying, Very evil or bad is he, or it: or superlatively evil or bad is he, or it:] contr. of نِعمَ: (Ṣ, M, TA:) a pret. verb, imperfectly inflected, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) like نِعْمَ, (Ṣ,) [having only one variation of form, namely, the fem. بِئْسَتْ, though the masc. is more commonly used even when the agent is fem. or pl.,] because it is translated from its original application, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) i. e. from بَئِسَ فُلَانٌ signifying أَصَابَ بُؤْسًا [he found, met with, or experienced, distress, &c.], to signify dispraise or blame. (Ṣ, TA.) When it is accompanied by a gen. n. without the article ال, this is always in the accus. case: but when the n. has the article ال, it is always in the nom. case: (TA:) you say, بِئْسَ رَجُلًا زَيْدً [Very evil or bad, or superlatively evil or bad, as a man, is Zeyd; رجلا being a specificative]: (Ḳ:) and بِئْسَ الرَّجُلُ زَيْدٌ [Very evil,, &c., is the man, Zeyd]; and بِئْسَتِ المَرْأَةُ هِنْدٌ [or more commonly بِئْسَ العَيْرُ in this case also, Very evil,, &c., is the woman, Hind]. (Ṣ.) Some argue that it is a noun, from the saying, نِعْمَ السَّيْرُ عَلَى بِئْسَ العَيْرُ, because it has a prep.; but this is explained as elliptical, and meaning, نِعَمَ السَّيْرُ عَلَى عَيْرٍ مَقُولٍ فِيهِ بِئْسَ العيْرُ [Excellent is the journeying upon an ass of which it is said Very evil,, &c., is the ass]. (I’Aḳ p. 232.) Zj says that when it is followed by مَا, then مَا, with it, is regarded as occupying the place of an indeterminate noun; [namely, شَيْئًا, as a specificative; as in the Ḳur ii. 84,بِئْسَ مَا ٱشْتَرَوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ, or بِئْسَمَا, &c., Very evil,, &c., as a thing, is that for which they have sold, or exchanged, themselves:] (TA:) but some say that it is the agent, and is a determinate noun; and this is the opinion of Ibn-Kharoof, which he ascribes to Sb. (I’Aḳ ubi suprà.) [For further illustration, see نِعْمَ.]


4. ⇒ ابأس


5. ⇒ تبأّس


6. ⇒ تباأستبآءس

تَبَآءَسَ He feigned the lowliness, or submissiveness, of poverty, humbling, or abasing, himself, (Ḳ,* TA,) with men; andتَبَأَّسَ↓ is allowable in the same sense. (TA.)


8. ⇒ ابتأس

ابتأس بِهِ, (M, A,) and مِنْهُ, (Ṣ, TA,) He was distressed by it, or at it; it does not signify dislike: (IB, TA:) or he grieved at it, (Ṣ, M, A,) and humbled and abased himself: so in the Ḳur xi. 38 and xii. 69. (M, A, TA.) It is said of a man when a thing that he dislikes becomes known to him. (AZ, TA.)


بَأْسٌ

بَأْسٌ Might, or strength, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) in war or fight: (Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) courage; valour, or valiantness; prowess. (M, Ḳ.)

Root: بأس - Entry: بَأْسٌ Signification: A2

War, or fight; (M, Mṣb;) as alsoبَئِيْسٌ↓ (M) andبَأْسَآءُ↓: (TA:) pl. of the first,أَبْؤَسٌ. (Mṣb.)

Root: بأس - Entry: بَأْسٌ Signification: A3

Hence, (M,)Fear, (M, TA,) in the saying, لَا بأْسَ عَلَيْكَ, (M, TA,*) and بِكَ, (M,) [† There is no fear for thee: lit., there is no war against thee, or with thee]: the saying of which to an enemy implies the granting him security, or protection: and in the same sense it is used in a trad., in the phrase اِشْتَدَّ البَأْسُ [† Fear became vehement]. (TA.)

Root: بأس - Entry: بَأْسٌ Signification: A4

I. q. ضَرَرٌ[Harm, injury,, &c.]: so in the phrase لَا بَأْسَ [There is, or will be, no harm,, &c.; and لَا بَأْسَ بِكَذَا, and فِى كَذَا, † There is, or will be, no harm in such a thing]. (Ḥar p. 311.) It is said in a trad., لَا بَأْسَ بِٱلْغِنَى لِمَنِ ٱتَّقَى [There is no harm in wealth to him who is pious]. (El-Jámiʼ eṣ-Ṣagheer of Es-Suyootee.) بَاس also occurs for بَأْس; the being suppressed, agreeably with analogy; not altered by permutation. (M, TA.)

Root: بأس - Entry: بَأْسٌ Signification: A5

Punishment: (Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) or severe punishment; (TA;) as alsoبَئِسٌ↓, in measure like كَتِفٌ. (IAạr, TA.)

Root: بأس - Entry: بَأْسٌ Signification: A6

See also بُؤْسٌ, in two places.


بُؤْسٌ

بُؤْسٌ (also written بُوسٌ, with the suppressed, Mṣb) Distress; straitness of the means of subsistence, or of the conveniences of life; poverty: (M, Mṣb,* TA:*) or a state of pressing want: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or misfortune; calamity: (A:) andبُؤُوسٌ↓ andبُؤْسَى↓ (Ḳ, TA) andبَأْسَآءُ↓ (M, A) andبَأْسٌ↓ (TA) andبَئِيسٌ↓ (Ṣ, Ḳ) andبَئِيسَى↓ (TA) andمَبْأَسَةٌ↓ (M, TA) [all of which, except بَأْسَآءُ↓ andمَبْأَسَةٌ↓, are said to be inf. ns. (see بَئِسَ)] signify the same as بُؤْسٌ: (Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ, TA:) بُؤْسَى↓ andبَأْسَآءُ↓ are both from بُؤْسٌ [with which they are syn. accord. to authorities indicated above]; (Zj, IDrd, TA;) the former is contr. of نُعْمَى, (Ṣ, TA,) and in like manner the latter is contr. of نَعْمَآءُ: (TA:) the latter is of the measure فَعْلَآءُ without any أَفْعَلُ, because it is a subst.; like as أَفْعَلُ occurs among substs. without any فَعَلَآءُ, as in the instance of أَحْمَدُ: (Akh, Ṣ:) orبُؤْسَى↓ signifies a state of trial or affliction, and is a subst.; andبَئِيسٌ↓ andبَآسَةٌ↓ signify the same, but are inf. ns.: (M:) andبَأْسَآءُ↓ is syn. with شِدَّةٌ [like بُؤْسٌ in the first of the senses explained above]; (Ṣ, TA;) and مَشَقَّةٌ [meaning distress, or difficulty]: (TA:) or it signifies misfortune, or calamity, (A, Ḳ,) like بُؤْسٌ; (A;) and so أَبْؤُسٌ: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or rather this last signifies misfortunes, or calamities; for it is pl. ofبَأْسٌ↓, i. e., a pl. of pauc.; not of بُؤْسٌ, as J asserts it to be; for the pl. of pauc. of بُؤْسٌ is أَبْآسٌ: (IB, TA:) but أَبْؤُسٌ may be used as pl. ofبَأْسَآءُ↓. (Fr, in Ṣ, voce ضَرَّآءُ, q. v.) [See exs. of these two pls. in what follows.] You say يَوْمُ بُؤْسٍ وَيَوْمُ نُعْمٍ [A day of distress, or poverty,, &c., and a day of ease and plenty]. (Ṣ, TA.) And بُؤْسًا لَهُ [May distress, or poverty,, &c., befall him]: a form of imprecation. (Sb, M, TA.) And بُؤْسَ ٱبْنِ سُمَيَّةَ, app. an expression of pity [meaning Alas for the distress,, &c., of Ibn-Sumeiyeh!]. (TA, from a trad.) And عَسَىَ الغُوَيْرُ أَبْؤُسًا Perhaps the little cave [may be attended with] calamities; not calamity, as in the Ṣ [and Ḳ]: (IB:) a prov.; (Ṣ;) originating from a cave's having collapsed upon some men in it; or from an enemy's having come to some men in a cave, and slain them; wherefore it is applied to anything whence evil is feared: (Aṣ, Ṣ, Ḳ, in art. غور:) or it is applied to him who is suspected of a thing: (IAạr, TA:) or الغُوَيْرُ was the name of a certain water, which belonged to the tribe of Kelb, and the words of this prov. were said by Ez-Zebbà, when Kaseer turned aside from the plain road, and took the way to الغُوَيْرُ: (Ibn-El-Kelbee, Ṣ, Ḳ, in art. غور:)ابؤسا is in the accus. case by reason of يَكُونُ understood. (Mughnee.) [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 94.] ElKumeyt also says,

* قَالُوا أَسَآءَ بَنُو كُرْزٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ *
* عَسَى الغُوَيْرُ بِأَبْآسٍ وَأغْوَارِ *

[They said, Benoo-Kurz have done evil: and I said to them, Perhaps the little cave may be attended with calamities and connected with other caves]: أَبْآس is here pl. of بُؤْس. (IB, TA.) [In the Ṣ, the last words are written بِإِبْآسٍ وَإِعْوَارٍ, in one copy: in another, وإِغْوَارِ: both of which are app. wrong.]

Root: بأس - Entry: بُؤْسٌ Signification: A2

بِئْسٌ

بِئْسٌ and بِيْسٌ and بَيْسٌ and بَيِّسٌ: see بَئِيسٌ.

Root: بأس - Entry: بِئْسٌ Signification: A2

بَنَاتُ بِئْسٍ Calamities; misfortunes. (Ḳ.)


بَئِسٌ

بَئِسٌ: see بَأْسٌ, last signification:

Root: بأس - Entry: بَئِسٌ Dissociation: B

بُؤْسَى

بُؤْسَى: see بُؤْسٌ, in three places.


بَأْسَآءُ

بَأْسَآءُ: see بَأْسٌ: and بُؤْسٌ: the latter, in five places.

Root: بأس - Entry: بَأْسَآءُ Signification: A2

Zj explains it as signifying, in the Ḳur vi. 42, Hunger. (M, TA.*)

Root: بأس - Entry: بَأْسَآءُ Signification: A3

Also The act of beating, or striking. (Lth, TA.)


بَؤُوسٌ

بَؤُوسٌ One in whom بُؤْس [i. e. distress, &c.] is apparent, or manifest. (M, TA.)


بُؤُوسٌ

بُؤُوسٌ: see بُؤْسٌ


بَئيسٌ

بَئيسٌ: see بَأْسٌ: and بُؤْسٌ: the latter, in two places.

Root: بأس - Entry: بَئيسٌ Dissociation: B

Mighty, or strong, in war or fight; (A;) courageous, or valiant. (Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

Root: بأس - Entry: بَئيسٌ Signification: B2

عَذَابٌ بئِيسٌ, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) andبِئِيسٌ↓, agreeably with a general rule applying to words of this description, (M,) andبِئْسٌ↓, (M, Ḳ,) andبَئِسٌ↓, (M,) andبَيْئَسٌ↓, (M, Ḳ,) andبَئْئَسٌ↓, (M,) andبَيِّسٌ↓, andبَيْسٌ↓, which last, however, is of no authority, (M,) orبِيسٌ↓, and بَيِيسٌ, with the changed into ى, (TA,) A vehement punishment: (Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) so in the Ḳur vii. 165. (TA.)


بِئِيسٌ

بِئِيسٌ: see بَئيسٌ.


بَآسَةٌ

بَآسَةٌ: see بُؤْسٌ.


بَئِيسَى

بَئِيسَى: see بُؤْسٌ.


بَائِسٌ

بَائِسٌ Distressed; straitened in his means of subsistence, or in the conveniences of life; (Mṣb;) or poor: (A, Mṣb:*) or one who is in want, and an object of pity for what he suffers: (TA:) or in a state of pressing want: (Ṣ:) or in a state of trial, or affliction: (M, TA:) or one who is crippled, or deprived of the power of motion, by disease, or who suffers from a protracted disease, and is in need: (Mgh:) an epithet denoting pity, (Sb, M, TA,) or grief: (Mgh:) بُؤْسٌ↓ occurs as its pl.; (M, TA;) or is for ذَوُوبُؤْسٍ. (M.)


بَيْئَسٌ

بَيْئَسٌ and بَيْئِسٌ: see بَئِيسٌ.

Root: بأس - Entry: بَيْئَسٌ Signification: A2

The former also signifies Strong. (Ḳ, TA.)

Root: بأس - Entry: بَيْئَسٌ Signification: A3

And hence, (TA,) البَيْئَسُ The lion. (Ḳ, TA.)


الأَبْأَسُ

الأَبْأَسُ The most vehement refusal. (Th, M.)


مَبْأَسَةٌ

مَبْأَسَةٌ: see بُؤْسٌ, in two places.


مُبْتَئِسٌ

مُبْتَئِسٌ Disliking, or hating: (Ṣ, M, Ḳ:) and grieving: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or rather, distressed, by, or at, a thing; not disliking, or hating: (IB, TA:) or grieving, and humbling and abasing himself. (Zj, M, TA.)


Indication of Authorities

Lexicological and Grammatical Terms

Lexicologists and Grammarians Cited