Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

by Edward William Lane (1801-1876)

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جوح جود جوذاب


1. ⇒ جودجاد

جَادَ, aor. يَجُودُ, inf. n. جُودَةٌ and جَوْدَةٌ, It (a thing, Ṣ, or a commodity, an article of household-goods, or the like, Mṣb, and a work, or performance, TA) was, or became, جَيِّد [i. e. good, goodly, approvable, or excellent; the verb being the contr. of رَدُؤَ, as is implied in the A and Ḳ]: (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ:) in this sense, accord. to some, of the class of قَالَ; accord. to others, of the class of قَرُبَ. (Mṣb.) [Also said of a man, meaning He was, or became, excellent, or egregious, in some quality; sometimes, though very rarely, in a quality that is disapproved.]

Root: جود - Entry: 1. Signification: A2

And جاد, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) of the class of قال, (Mṣb,) aor. as above, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) inf. n. جُودٌ, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) with damm, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) He was liberal, bountiful, munificent, or generous: (Ḳ:) or he affected, or constrained himself, to be generous: (Mṣb:) or he gave without being asked, to preserve the receiver from the ignominy of asking: (MF:) or he gave what was meet to him to whom it was meet: (El-Karmánee, TA:) or he gave what was meet to him to whom it was meet, not for a compensation; so that it has a more special signification than أَحْسَنَ. (MF.) You say, جاد بِمَالِهِ [He was liberal,, &c., with his property]: (Ṣ:) or جاد بِالمَالِ he affected, or constrained himself, to be generous with the property. (Mṣb.)

Root: جود - Entry: 1. Signification: A3

Hence, (Mṣb,) جاد بِنَفْسِهِ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. as above, (Ṣ, A,) inf. n. جَوْدٌ (TA) and جُؤُودٌ, (Ṣ, TA,)He gave up his spirit, (A, Mṣb, TA,) at death; (Ṣ, Mṣb;) like as one gives away his property; said of one in the agony of death: (TA:) and ‡ he gave away his life, in war. (Mṣb.) And you say also, جَادَتْ نَفْسُهُ[His soul, or spirit, resigned itself, or departed]. (Mṣb in art. نفس.)

Root: جود - Entry: 1. Signification: A4

جاد المَطَرُ, inf. n. جَوْدٌ, The rain was, or became, copious, or abundant. (Ṣ.) And جَادَتِ السَّمَآءُ, (A, Mṣb,) inf. n. جَوْدٌ, with fet-ḥ, The sky rained. (Mṣb.) And جَادَتِ العَيْنُ, inf. n. جَوْدٌ and جُؤُودٌ, The eye shed many, or abundant, tears. (Lḥ, Ḳ.)

Root: جود - Entry: 1. Signification: A5

جاد said of a horse, (Ṣ, A, L, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. as above, (Ṣ,) inf. n. جُودَةٌ (Ṣ, L, Mṣb, Ḳ) and جَوْدَةٌ; (Mṣb, and some copies of the Ḳ;) andجود↓, (A, L, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَجْوِيدٌ; (TA;) andاجاد↓, (L,) andأَجْوَدَ↓; (L, Ḳ;) He became fleet, or swift, and excellent, (L,) صَارَ رَائِعًا, (Ṣ, L, Ḳ,*) فِى عَدْوِهِ in his running. (A, L, Ḳ.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce دَامَ, in art. دوم.]

Root: جود - Entry: 1. Signification: A6

See also 4, in two places.

Root: جود - Entry: 1. Signification: A7

جاد إِلَيْهِ He inclined to him, or it. (TA.)

Root: جود - Entry: 1. Dissociation: B

جادهُ He overcame him in liberality, bounty, munificence, or generosity. (Ḳ.) See 3.

Root: جود - Entry: 1. Signification: B2

جَادَهُمْ, aor. يَجُودُ, inf. n. جَوْدٌ, It (rain) rained, or descended, upon them copiously, or abundantly. (L.) And جِيدُوا They were rained upon with a copious, or an abundant, rain. (L.) And جِيدَتِ الأَرْضُ, (Ṣ, L, Ḳ,) inf. n. جَوْدٌ; (Aṣ, TA;) andأُجِيدَت↓; (Ḳ;) The earth, or land, was rained upon with a copious, or an abundant, rain: (Ṣ, L, Ḳ:) or, so that the moisture of the rain met that of the soil. (Aṣ, TA.)

Root: جود - Entry: 1. Signification: B3

جِيدَ, (Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) aor. يُجَادُ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) inf. n. جُوَادٌ, (Ṣ,* Ḳ,* TA,)He (a man, Ṣ, A) thirsted, or became affected by thirst: (Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) or thirsted vehemently: (accord. to an explanation of جُوَادٌ in the Ḳ:) or was at the point of death, or destruction; (Ḳ;) as though destruction rained upon him. (TA.)

Root: جود - Entry: 1. Signification: B4

[Hence,] إِنِّى أُجَادُ إِلَىلِقَائِكَVerily I am affected with a longing desire to meet thee: (A:) or إِنِّى لَأُجَادُ إِلَيْكَ (Ḳ, TA [in the CK, erroneously, لَاَجادُ])Verily I am affected with a longing desire for thee, (Ḳ, TA,) i. e., to meet thee, (TA,) and am impelled towards thee: (Ḳ:) and يُجَادُإِلَى فُلَانَةَHe is affected with longing desire for such a female; like as you say يَظْمَأُ. (A.) One says also, جادهُ الَهَوىLove affected him with longing desire, (شَاقَهُ, L, Ḳ, in the CK شاقَّهُ,) and overcame him. (Ḳ.)

Root: جود - Entry: 1. Signification: B5

[Also, app., جيدَ, aor. يُجَادُ, inf. n. جُوَادٌ, (as in a sense explained above,)He became affected, or overcome, or distressed, (see مَجُودٌ,) by drowsiness, or slumber: for] جُوَادٌ is syn. with نُعَاسٌ: (L, TA:) and you say, جادهُ النُّعَاسُDrowsiness, or slumber, overcame him; (L;) as though sleep rained upon him. (TA.)


2. ⇒ جوّد

Root: جود - Entry: 2. Signification: A2

3. ⇒ جاود

جاودهُ He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in liberality, bounty, munificence, or generosity. (Ṣ, TA.) You say,جاودهُ فَجَادَهُ↓ He vied with him, or contended, &c., in liberality,, &c., and overcame him therein. (TA.)


4. ⇒ اجوداجاد

اجادهُ He made it good, goodly, approvable, or excellent; (Ṣ, A,* Ḳ;) as also أَجْوَدَهُ, (Ṣ,* Ḳ,) like as they said اطال and اطول, and احال and احول, and اطاب and اطيب, and الان and الين; (Ṣ;) andجوّدهُ↓, (Ṣ,* A,) inf. n. تَجْوِيدٌ. (Ṣ.) [Hence,] اجادهُ النَّقْدَ He gave him the cash, or ready money, good. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) And أَجَدْتُكَ ثَوْبًا I gave thee a garment, or piece of cloth, that was good, goodly, or excellent; or in a good state. (A, TA.)

Root: جود - Entry: 4. Signification: A2

He gave him a dirhem, or piece of silver. (Ḳ.)

Root: جود - Entry: 4. Signification: A3

أُجِيدَتِ الأَرْضُ: see 1.

Root: جود - Entry: 4. Dissociation: B

He, or it, slew him, or killed him. (L.)

Root: جود - Entry: 4. Dissociation: C

اجاد, (inf. n. إِجَادَةٌ, Mṣb,) He said, gave utterance to, uttered, or expressed, what was good, approvable, or excellent; he said, or did, well, or excellently; أَتَى بِالجَيِّدِ (L, Mṣb, Ḳ) مِنْ قَوْلِ أَوْ فِعْلٍ; (Mṣb;) as also أَجْوَدَ; (L;) andجاد↓, inf. n. جَوْدَةٌ. (L.) [You say, قَالَ فَأَجَادَ He said, and said well: and فَعَلَ فَأَجَادَ He did, and did well.] And اجاد فِى عَمَلِهِ, and اجود, He did well, or excellently, in his work. (L.)

Root: جود - Entry: 4. Signification: C2

Said of a horse, and اجود likewise: see 1.

Root: جود - Entry: 4. Signification: C3

Also He had with him a horse such as is termed جَوَاد [i. e. fleet, or swift, and excellent]: (Ṣ:) or he became possessed of such a horse; (A, Ḳ;) as also اجود. (Ḳ.)

Root: جود - Entry: 4. Signification: C4

أَجَادَتْ She brought forth a child, or children, of liberal, bountiful, or generous, disposition. (A.) And اجاد بِالوَلَدِ He begot the child, or children, of liberal, bountiful, or generous, disposition; (Ḳ;) and in like manner,جاد↓ بِهِ أَبَوَاهُ [His two parents so engendered him]. (TA.)


5. ⇒ تجوّد

تجوّد He chose what was good, goodly, approvable, or excellent, among all things. (Ḥam p. 299.) He affected nicety, or refinement; he was, or became, nice, exquisite, refined, or scrupulously nice and exact; or he chose what was excellent, or best, to be done; and exceeded the usual bounds; فِى صَنْعَتِهِ in his work of art, or his manufacture; syn. تَنَوَّقَ. (A, TA.) And تجوّد وَبَالَغَ فِى مَطْعَمِهِ وَمَلْبَسِهِ [He was dainty, nice, exquisite, refined, or scrupulously nice and exact; or he chose what was excellent, or best; and exceeded the usual bounds; in his food and his apparel]; (JK and Ḳ in art. نوق;) he was studious of his diet and apparel, always eating exquisite food and wearing sumptuous clothing. (TḲ in that art.)

Root: جود - Entry: 5. Dissociation: B

تجوّدهُ: see 10. تَجَوَّدْتُهَا لَكَ I chose, or selected, the best, or most excellent, (الأَجْوَدَ↓,) thereof for thee. (TA.)


6. ⇒ تجاود

تجاودوا They considered [or tried] which of them had the best argument, or plea, or allegation: (Ḳ, TA:) so says Aboo-Saʼeed on the authority of an Arab of the desert. (TA.) And يَتَجَاوَدُونَ الحَدِيثَ They consider, or see, [or try,] which of them will be best in narration, or talk, or discourse. (A.)

Root: جود - Entry: 6. Signification: A2

[Also They vied, or contended together for superiority, in liberality, bounty, munificence, or generosity.]


10. ⇒ استجوداستجاد

استجادهُ He reckoned it, or esteemed it, good, goodly, approvable, or excellent: (Ṣ:) or he found it to be so: (Ḳ:) or he desired, or sought, that it might be so, (A, Ḳ,) and chose it, or selected it; (A;) as alsoتجوّدهُ↓. (A.) You say also, اِسْتَجْوَدَ رَأْيَهُ [He esteemed his judgment, or opinion, good: or found it to be so]. (TA in art. جزل.)

Root: جود - Entry: 10. Signification: A2

He desired, or sought, or demanded, his liberality, bounty, munificence, or generosity. (Ḳ.)

Root: جود - Entry: 10. Signification: A3

He desired, or sought, that he (a horse) might be such as is termed جَوَاد [i. e. fleet, or swift, and excellent]. (Ḳ.)

Root: جود - Entry: 10. Dissociation: B

استجاد It came or happened, well. (KL.)


جَوْدٌ

جَوْدٌ Copious, or abundant, rain; (Ṣ, L, Ḳ;) as alsoجَائِدٌ↓: (Ṣ:) or rain that thoroughly irrigates everything: (M:) or rain that is not exceeded: (M, L, Ḳ:) accord. to some, who observe that the phrase, mentioned by Sb, أَخَذْتَنَا بِالجَوْدِوَفَوْقهَا [Thou hast assailed us with a storm of reproach or the like not to be exceeded, and with that which is above it,] is one of hyperbole and reproach. (M, L.) It is an inf. n. thus used as an epithet [and therefore applicable without variation to a fem. as to a masc. n., and to a dual and a pl. as to a sing. n.]: (L:) and is also pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.] of جَائِدٌ, (Ṣ, L, Ḳ,) like as صَحْبٌ is of صَاحِبٌ. (Ṣ, L.) You say مَطَرٌ جَوْدٌ [A copious, or an abundant, rain;, &c.]: (L:) and سَحَابَةٌ جَوْدٌ [A cloud yielding a copious, or an abundant, rain;, &c.]: (IAạr, L:) and هَاجَتْ لَنَا سَمَآءٌ جَوْدٌ [A copious, or an abundant, rain,, &c., became stirred up for us]: (Ṣ, Ḳ:*) and you also say, [contr. to the usage mentioned above, or as though جَوْدٌ were an epithet from جَادَ, and this originally جَوْدَ, like ضَخْمٌ from ضَخُمَ, but used as a subst.,] مَطْرَتَانِ جَوْدَانِ [Two showers of rain, copious, or abundant,, &c.]. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) تَجَاوِيدُ↓, [app. signifying the same as جَوْدٌ used as a pl.,] occurring in the following verse of Sakhr El-Ghei,

* يُلَاعِبُ الرِّيحَ بِالعَصْرَيْنِ قَصْطَلُهُ *
* وَالوَابِلُونَ وَتَهْتَانُ التَّجَاوِيدِ *

[Its dust makes sport with the wind in the morning and evening, or night and day, and so do the violent showers of big drops, and the pouring of copious, or abundant, rains,, &c.], (L, Ḳ,*) is a pl. having no sing.; (Ḳ;) or it may be so, like تَعَاجِيبُ and تَعَاشِيبُ and تَبَاشِيرُ; or it may be pl. of تَجْوَادٌ [an inf. n.]. (L.) You say also,أَصَابَتْهُ تَجَاوِيدُ↓ امَطَرِ [Copious showers of rain fell upon him, or it]. (A.)

Root: جود - Entry: جَوْدٌ Signification: A2

جَوْدَةٌ

جَوْدَةٌ [an inf. n. of 1, (q. v.,) in two senses; as also جُودَةٌ: and an inf. n. of un., signifying] A single affection of thirst; a thirsting. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

Root: جود - Entry: جَوْدَةٌ Signification: A2

جَادِىٌّ

جَادِىٌّ Saffron. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)


جَوَادٌ

جَوَادٌ, used alike as masc. and fem., (Ṣ, Ḳ,) Liberal, bountiful, munificent, or generous: (Ṣ,* Ḳ:) or one who affects, or constrains himself, to be generous: (Mṣb:) or who gives without being asked, to preserve the receiver from the ignominy of asking: (MF:) or who gives what is meet to him to whom it is meet: (El-Karmánee, TA:) or who gives what is meet to him to whom it is meet, not for a compensation; so that it has a more special signification than مُحْسِنٌ: (MF:) pl. [of pauc., masc.,] أَجْوَادٌ and (of mult., TA) جُوْدٌ, (Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) like as قُذُلٌ is pl. of قَذَالٌ, but the و is made quiescent because it is an unsound letter, (Ṣ,) [in some copies of the Ḳ جُوُدٌ,] and أَجَاوِدُ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) contr. to analogy, (TA,) or أَجَاوِيدُ, [reg., as pl. of أَجْوَادٌ,] (A,) and جُوَدَآءُ (Ṣ, Ḳ) and جُوَدَةٌ, (CK, [in some copies of the Ḳ omitted,]) or جُوْدَةٌ, or جُوُدَةٌ, [written in the latter manner in a MṢ. copy of the Ḳ,] with ة added to the [proper] pl. form [جُوْدٌ or جُوُدٌ], accord. to the doctrine of Sb: (TA:) جُوْدٌ is used as a fem. pl., (Ṣ, Mṣb,) and is like نُوْرٌ pl. of نَوَارٌ. (Ṣ.)

Root: جود - Entry: جَوَادٌ Signification: A2

Also, applied alike to the male and the female, (Ṣ,) A courser; a fleet, or swift, and excellent, horse; (L;) a horse fleet, or swift, in running; or excellent in running, or in the motion of his legs; as alsoجَوْدٌ↓: (Bḍ in xxxviii. 30:) or that outstrips others: (Jel ib.:) i. q. رَائِعٌ: (Ṣ, L, Ḳ:) pl. جِيَادٌ, (Ṣ, A, Bḍ, L, Mṣb, Ḳ,) which by rule should be جِوَادٌ, like طِوَالٌ, but this latter form has not been heard from the Arabs; (L;) or جِيَادٌ is pl. of جَوْدٌ, or of جَيِّدٌ; (Bḍ ubi suprá;) and جَوَادٌ has also for its pl. أَجْيَادٌ, [a pl. of pauc., and irregular, or this is pl. of جَيّدٌ, and therefore, though irregularly, retains the ى substituted for و] (Ṣ, L,) and أَجْوَادٌ, [also a pl. of pauc., but agreeable with rule, or this is pl. of جَوْدٌ,] (L,) and أَجَاوِيدُ (Ṣ, L) is pl. of أَجْوَادٌ. (L.) Hence, أَقْبَلَ جَوَادًاHe came on, or advanced, like a horse that is termed جواد: and سِرْتُ إِلَيْهِ جَوَادًاI went to him, or it, like a horse that is so termed. (Mgh in art. غذ.) You say also, عَدَا عَدْوًا جَوَادًا He ran a long run. (A, TA.) And سِرْنَا عُقْبَةً جَوَادًا, and عُقْبَتَيْنِ جَوَادَيْنِ, and عُقَبًا جِيَادًا (Ṣ, A) and أَجْوَادًا, (A, TA,) We journeyed a long march or stage, and two long marches or stages, and long marches or stages. (Ṣ, A, TA.)


جُوَادٌ

جُوَادٌ [accord. to the TA inf. n. of جِيدَ, which see in two places,]Thirst: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or vehemence of thirst. (Ḳ.)

Root: جود - Entry: جُوَادٌ Signification: A2

Also, [accord. to the Ḳ جَوْدَةٌ↓, but this is corrected in the TA,]Drowsiness, or slumber. (TA.)


جَائِدٌ

جَائِدٌ: see جَوْدٌ.


جَيِّدٌ

جَيِّدٌ, originally of the measure فَيْعِلٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) as the Basrees say, i. e. جَيْوِدٌ, (Mṣb, TA,) the و being changed into ى because of its being meksoor and preceded by ى, and the augmentative ى being then incorporated into it; (TA;) or, as the Koofees say, of the measure فَيْعَلٌ, like عَيْطَلٌ, &c., because there is found no sound word of the measure فَيْعِلٌ except صَيْقِلٌ, a woman's name, and the unsound is accorded to the sound; or, as others say, of the measure فَعِيلٌ, [and so I find in one copy of the Ṣ,] originally جَوِيدٌ, the kesreh of the و being, accord. to them, suppressed because difficult of pronunciation, and the quiescent و and ى thus coming together, [the latter receives the rejected kesreh, and] the و is changed into ى and incorporated into the [augmentative] ى; (Mṣb;) Good, goodly, approvable, or excellent; contr. of رَدِ ىْ; (A, Ḳ;) applied to a thing, (Ṣ,) or a commodity, an article of household-goods, or the like, (A, Mṣb,) and a work, or performance: (TA:) pl. جِيَادٌ (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ) and جِيَادَاتٌ, (Ḳ,) the latter a pl. pl., [i. e. pl. of جِيَادٌ,] (TA,) and جَيَائِدُ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) with hemz, [and, accord. to some,] contr. to analogy. (Ṣ.) [It is also applied to a man, meaning Excellent, or egregious, in some quality; sometimes, though very rarely, in a quality that is disapproved.]


أَجْوَدُ

أَجْوَدُ [Better, and best; more, and most, goodly or approvable or excellent]: see 5.

Root: جود - Entry: أَجْوَدُ Signification: A2

[More, and most, liberal, bountiful, munificent, or generous. Hence,] أَجْوَدُ مِنْ حَاتِمٍ [More liberal,, &c., than Ḥátim]: a prov. (Meyd.)

Root: جود - Entry: أَجْوَدُ Signification: A3

[More, and most, fleet, or swift, and excellent; relating to a horse. Hence,] أَجْوَدُ مِنَ الجَوَادِ المُبِرِّ [More fleet,, &c., than the courser that surpasses others]: a prov. (Meyd.)


تَجَاويدُ

تَجَاويدُ: see جَوْدٌ, in two places.


مَجُودٌ

مَجُودٌ A field, or garden, rained upon: (A:) [or rained upon copiously, or abundantly.] And أَرْضٌ مَجْودَةٌ Land rained upon with a copious, or an abundant, rain. (Ṣ, L, Ḳ.)

Root: جود - Entry: مَجُودٌ Signification: A2

† A man (Ṣ, A) affected with thirst: (Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) [or, with vehement thirst: (see جُوَادٌ:)] or at the point of death, or destruction. (Ḳ.)

Root: جود - Entry: مَجُودٌ Signification: A3

And [hence,]Affected with longing desire. (L.)

Root: جود - Entry: مَجُودٌ Signification: A4

Also † Overcome by drowsiness, or slumber: (TA:) or distressed by drowsiness, or slumber, &c. (Lḥ, L.)


مُجِيدٌ

مُجِيدٌ: see مِجْوَادٌ.

Root: جود - Entry: مُجِيدٌ Signification: A2

Also A man possessing a horse such as is termed جَوَادِ [i. e. fleet, or swift, and excellent]: pl. مَجَاوِيدُ [by rule pl. of مِجْوَادٌ, q. v.]. (A, TA.)

Root: جود - Entry: مُجِيدٌ Signification: A3

حَتْفٌ مُجِيدٌPresent death. (Ḳ, TA.)


مِجْوَادٌ

مِجْوَادٌ One who says, utters, or expresses, or who does, (Ḳ, TA,) much, or often, (TA,) what is good, goodly, approvable, or excellent; (Ḳ, TA;) as alsoمُجِيدٌ↓: (TA:) [or rather the latter is a simple, not an intensive, epithet:] the former is applied to a poet, (Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) as syn. with the latter, (Ḳ,) or as meaning who says, or utters, much, or often, what is good, or excellent: (Ṣ:) and both are applied to a workman, or an artificer: pl. of the former مَجَاوِيدُ. (A.)


Indication of Authorities

Lexicological and Grammatical Terms

Lexicologists and Grammarians Cited