Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

by Edward William Lane (1801-1876)

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زهر زهق زهم


1. ⇒ زهق

زَهَقَتْ نَفْسُهُ, and زَهِقَتْ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) the latter preferred by IḲooṭ and Hr, but the former by AʼObeyd, (TA,) aor. ـَ {يَزْهَقُ}, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,*) inf. n. زُهُوقٌ, (Ṣ, Mgh,) which is of both verbs, (Ṣ,) or this is of the former verb, and the inf. n. of the latter is زَهَقٌ, (Mṣb,) [but in the Ḳ it seems to be indicated, by its being said of the latter verb that it is of the class of سَمِعَ, that the inf. n. of this verb is زَهْقٌ,] His soul went forth, passed forth, or departed: (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA:) it perished: it died: (TA:) اِنْزَهَقَتْ↓ نَفْسُهُ and اِنْزِهَاقُ الرُّوحِ are not of the [classical] language of the Arabs. (Mgh.) It is said in the Ḳur [ix. 55 and 86] وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ [And that their souls may depart while they are unbelievers]. (Ṣ.) The primary meaning of زُهُوقٌ is The going forth, passing forth, or departing, with difficulty. (Bḍ in ix. 55.)

Root: زهق - Entry: 1. Signification: A2

[Hence,] زَهَقَ الشَّىْءُThe thing perished, passed away, or came to nought; (Mṣb, Ḳ, TA;) became null, void, or of no effect. (Ḳ, TA.) And زَهَقَ البَاطِلُWhat was false, or vain, passed away, or came to nought, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) being overcome by the truth, or reality, or fact: or, accord. to Ḳatádeh, by الباطل is here meant the devil. (TA.)

Root: زهق - Entry: 1. Signification: A3

And زَهَقَ السَّهْمُ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA) and زَهِقَ (Mṣb)The arrow passed beyond the butt, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) and fell behind it: (TA:) or went swiftly: (Ḥam p. 23:) or the former has this meaning: and the latter is syn. with زَلِقَ [app. meaning it slid along the ground]. (JK.)

Root: زهق - Entry: 1. Signification: A4

And زَهَقَ الفَرَسُ, aor. ـَ {يَزْهَقُ}, inf. n. زُهُوقٌ, † The horse preceded, went before, got before, outwent, or outstripped. (Ṣ,* Mṣb.) And زَهَقَتِ الرَّاحِلَةُ, inf. n. زُهُوقٌ (ISk, Ṣ, Ḳ) and زَهْقٌ, (TA as from the Ḳ, [but not in the CK nor in my MṢ. copy of the Ḳ,])The saddle-camel preceded, went before, got before, outwent, or outstripped, the horses, or horsemen; (ISk, JK,* Ṣ, Ḳ, TA;) andانزهقت↓ signifies the same. (JK.) And زَهَقَ فُلَانٌ, inf. n. زَهْقٌ and زُهُوقٌ, ‡ Such a one preceded, went before,, &c.; (Ḳ, TA;) or زَهَقَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَاpreceded us, went before us,, &c., and preceded,, &c., the horses, or horsemen; (TA;) andانزهق↓ signifies the same. (Ḳ.)

Root: زهق - Entry: 1. Dissociation: B

زَهَقَ said of a bone, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَزْهَقُ}, (Ḳ,) inf. n. زُهُوقٌ, Its marrow became compact and full; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) as alsoازهق↓. (L, Ḳ.) And زَهَقَتِ الدَّابَّةُ, with the same aor. and inf. n., The beast was, or became, marrowy in the utmost degree, its marrow-bones being compacted and full. (TA.)

Root: زهق - Entry: 1. Signification: B2

Also, said of marrow, It was, or became, compact and full. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)


2. ⇒ زهّق


3. ⇒ زاهق

زاهق الحَقُّ البَاطِلَ (TA [there expl. by زَهَقَه, a mistranscription, app. forأزْهَقَهُ↓, meaning † The truth, or reality, or fact, made what was false, or vain, to pass away, or come to nought.])


4. ⇒ ازهق

زَهَقَتْ نَفْسُهُ He (God) caused his soul to go forth, pass forth, or depart. (Mgh, Mṣb.) The phrase القَتْلُ إِزْهَاقٌ means † Slaughter is a cause of making the soul to come to nought, and to depart. (Mgh.)

Root: زهق - Entry: 4. Signification: A2

[Hence,] ازهق البَاطِلَHe (God) caused what was false, or vain, to pass away, or come to nought. (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA.) See also 3.

Root: زهق - Entry: 4. Signification: A3

And ازهق السَّهْمَ (Ṣ, Ḳ) مِنَ الهَدَفِ (Ḳ)He made the arrow to pass beyond the butt. (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA.)

Root: زهق - Entry: 4. Signification: A4

And ازهقت الدَّابَّةُ السَّرْجَThe beast shifted forward the saddle, and threw it upon its neck: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) and, or but, it is said to be with رَآء: [i. e. one says also, or correctly, accord. to some, أَرْهَقَتْهُ:] a rájiz says,

* أَخَافُ أَنْ تُزْهِقَهُ أَوْ يَنْزَرِقْ *

[† I fear that she may shift it forward, and throw it upon her neck, or it may shift backwards]: [thus, says J,] cited to me by Abu-lGhowth, with زَاى. (Ṣ.) [Accord. to my copy of the KL,تَزْهِيقٌ↓, inf. n. of زهّق, signifies † The shifting backwards of a camel's saddle from his back: see 2 in art. زرق.]

Root: زهق - Entry: 4. Signification: A5

And ازهق فِى السَّيْرِHe was quick [as though urging himself forward] in pace, or journeying. (Ḳ.)

Root: زهق - Entry: 4. Dissociation: B

ازهقهُ also signifies He filled it; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) namely, a vessel: (Ṣ, O:) but accord. to the L, he overturned it; i. e. a vessel. (TA.)

Root: زهق - Entry: 4. Dissociation: C

See also 1, near the end.


7. ⇒ انزهق

see 1, in three places.

Root: زهق - Entry: 7. Signification: A2

One says also انزهقت الدَّابَّةُThe beast leaped, or leaped upwards, (Ṣ,) or went forward, or preceded, (O, Ḳ,) in consequence of beating, or taking fright. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.) And The beast fell into a deep place, or from a mountain; or fell from a mountain and died; syn. تَرَدَّتْ. (TA. [See the next paragraph.])


زَهَقٌ

زَهَقٌ A low, or depressed, part of the ground. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.) A hollow, or cavity, or deep hollow or cavity, in the ground; syn. وَهْدَةٌ: (JK, TA:) sometimes, or often, beasts fall into it, and die. (TA. [See 7.])


زَهِقٌ

زَهِقٌLight, and unsteady, or lightwitted; (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA;) applied to a man. (Ṣ.)

Root: زهق - Entry: زَهِقٌ Dissociation: B

And A beast not exceeded in fatness. (TA.)


زَهَقَى

زَهَقَى † A mare that precedes, or outgoes, the [other] horses, or the horsemen. (Sh, Ḳ.)


زُهَاقُ

هُمْ زُهَاقُ مِائَةٍ and زِهَاقُ مائة i. q. زُهَآءُ مِائَةٍ, (Ḳ,* TA,) i. e. They are of the number of a hundred. (TA.)


زَهُوقٌ

زَهُوقٌ ‡ A thing passing away, or coming to nought; or that passes away, or comes to nought; as alsoزَاهِقٌ↓. (Ḳ, TA.) Hence, in the Ḳur [xvii. 83], إِنَّ البَاطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا, i. e. ‡ [Verily what is false, or vain,] is a thing that passes away, or comes to nought. (TA.)

Root: زهق - Entry: زَهُوقٌ Signification: A2

‡ A deep well; (JK, Ṣ, Ḳ;) as alsoزَاهِقَةٌ↓; [in the TA زَاهِقٌ;] and in like manner both are applied to a place of destruction (مَتْلَفَةٌ); (JK;) and to a مَتْلَفَة [app. meaning a desert in which people perish] as meaning far-extending. (Ḥam p. 23.) And in like manner, (Ṣ,) the former is also applied [app. as an epithet] to a فَجّ [or road, or depressed road,] of an overpeering, or overhanging, mountain. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

Root: زهق - Entry: زَهُوقٌ Signification: A3

Also ‡ Light, or active; syn. خَفِيفٌ. (JK.)


زَاهِقٌ

زَاهِقٌ Perishing, or dying. (Az, TA.)

Root: زهق - Entry: زَاهِقٌ Signification: A2

See also زَهُوقٌ, in two places.

Root: زهق - Entry: زَاهِقٌ Signification: A3

‡ An arrow passing beyond the butt, and falling behind it: (Mgh, TA:) whence the saying, in a trad., إِنَّ حَابِيًا خَيْرٌ مِنْ زَاهِقٍ [expl. in art. حبو]. (TA.)

Root: زهق - Entry: زَاهِقٌ Signification: A4

[† Preceding, or outgoing.] You say, جَآءَ زَاهِقًاHe came before, or in advance of, the horses, or horsemen. (JK.) And رَاحِلَةٌ زَاهِقَةٌA saddlecamel preceding, going before, getting before, outgoing, or outstripping, the horses, or horsemen. (Ṣ.)

Root: زهق - Entry: زَاهِقٌ Signification: A5

† A man put to flight: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ:) pl. زُهَقٌ, (so in my copies of the Ṣ,) or زُهَّقٌ, (so in the O,) or زُهْقٌ and زُهُقٌ, with damm and with two dammehs. (Ḳ.)

Root: زهق - Entry: زَاهِقٌ Signification: A6

‡ Water running vehemently: (JK, Ḳ, TA:) and † a canal (خَلِيجٌ) running swiftly. (TA.)

Root: زهق - Entry: زَاهِقٌ Dissociation: B

Applied to a beast (دَابَّة), Fat, (JK, Az, Ṣ, Ḳ,) and marrowy: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or marrowy, but not fat in the utmost degree: or having thin, or little, marrow: (TA:) and dry, or tough, (Ḳ, TA,) by reason of leanness; so says Aṣ: (TA:) and, (Ḳ,) or as some say, (JK,) very lean; (JK, Ḳ, TA;) Such that a foul odour is perceived arising from the meagreness of its flesh: (TA:) thus it bears two contr. meanings. (Ḳ.)

Root: زهق - Entry: زَاهِقٌ Signification: B2

And, applied to marrow, Compact and full: (Ṣ, TA:) or, so applied, good in respect of fatness: and some say, i. q. رَارٌ [i. e. in a melting state, or corrupt, by reason of emaciation; or thin;, &c.]: so that [thus applied also] it bears two contr. meanings. (JK.) In the saying of a rájiz, (Ṣ, TA,) namely, 'Omárah Ibn-Tárik, (TA,)

* وَمَسَدٍ أُمِرَّ مِنْ أَيَانِقِ *
* لَسْنَ بِأَنْيَابٍ وَلَا حَقَائِقِ *
* وَلَا ضِعَافٍ مُخُّهُنَّ زَاهِقُ *

accord. to Fr, it is in the nom. case, the poetry being what is termed مُكْفَأ, [by which is here meant having one rhyme made to end with kesreh (which is substituted for fet-ḥah by poetic license) and another with ḍammeh,] the poet meaning [And a rope, or many a rope, tightly twisted, of the fur of she-camels, that were not aged ones, nor such as had their teeth fallen out by reason of extreme age, nor weak,] but whose marrow was compact and full: [or, agreeably with an explanation given above from the JK, زاهق may mean in a melting state,, &c.:] another explanation is, that زاهق here means ذَاهِب [going away]: (Ṣ, TA:) but, as Ṣgh says, the [right] reading is

* عِيسٍ عِتَاقٍ ذَاتِ مُخٍّ زَاهِقِ *

[meaning but of a reddish, or yellowish, or dingy, white hue, of generous race, having compact and full marrow]. (TA.)


أُزْهُوقَةٌ

أُزْهُوقَةٌ sing. of أَزَاهِيق in the phrase فَرَسٌ ذَاتُ أَزَاهِيقَA mare having wonderful, or admirable, qualities in running: (A, TA:) or this means a mare having a swift running. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

Root: زهق - Entry: أُزْهُوقَةٌ Signification: A2

One says also, جَآءَ تِ الخَيْلُ أَزَاهِقَ and أَزَاهِيقَ, meaning † [The horses, or horsemen, came] in troops in a state of dispersion. (AʼObeyd, TA.)

Root: زهق - Entry: أُزْهُوقَةٌ Signification: A3

أَزَاهِيقُ is also the name of A horse of Ziyád Ibn-Hindábeh. (Ḳ.)


مُزْهَقٌ

مُزْهَقٌ Slain. (El-Muärrij, Ṣ.)


مُزْهِقٌ

مُزْهِقٌ Slaying, or a slayer. (El-Muärrij, Ṣ.)

Root: زهق - Entry: مُزْهِقٌ Signification: A2

And † A man quick [as though urging himself forward] in his pace, or journeying. (Ṣ, TA.)

Root: زهق - Entry: مُزْهِقٌ Signification: A3

And † Loquacious. (JK.)


مَزْهَقَةٌ

مَزْهَقَةٌ [A cause of the departure of the soul: a word of the same class as مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ].

Root: زهق - Entry: مَزْهَقَةٌ Signification: A2

[Hence,] one says of a camel which others strive in vain to overtake, هٰذَا الجَمَلُ مَزْهَقَةٌ لِأَرْوَاحِ المَطِىِّ[This camel is one that takes away the breath of the other beasts, or saddle-camels]. (A, TA.)


مَزْهُوقٌ

رَجُلٌ مَزْهُوقٌA man who is straitened. (TA.)


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