Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

مَكَسَ, aor. ـِ {يَمْكِسُ}, (TḲ,) inf. n. مَكْسٌ, (Sh, A, Ḳ,) He diminished, or deducted from, a thing; (Sh,* A,* Ḳ,* TḲ;) syn. of the inf. n. تَقْصٌ. (Sh, A, Ḳ.) Thus Sh explains مَكْس in the saying of Jábir Ibn-Jinnee Et-Taghlibee:

* أَفِى كُلِّ أَسْوَاقِ العِرَاقِ إِتَاوَةٌ *

* وَفِى كُلِّ مَا بَاعَ ٱمْرُؤٌ مَكْسُ دِرْهَمِ *

[Is there bribing in every one of the markets of El-'Irák, and in the case of everything that a man has sold the deducting of a dirhem?]. (TA.) [Hence,] you say, مَكَسَ فِى البَيْعِ, aor. and inf. n. as above; (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ;) andماكس↓, inf. n. مُمَاكَسَةٌ and مِكَاسٌ: (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb:) both signify He diminished, or deducted from, the price in the selling, or buying: (Mṣb:) or both signify he desired, or demanded, a diminution of, or deduction from, the price in selling or buying: (Mgh, TA,*) or the former signifies he collected property in selling or buying: (Ḳ: [but from what I find in the other lexicons, I think it probable that an early copyist has perverted the text of the Ḳ here by making a transposition; writing مَكَسَ فِى البَيْعِ يَمْكِسُ مَكْسًا جَبَى مَالًا واَلمَكْسُ النَّقْصُ وَالظُّلْمُ for مَكَسَ يَمْكِسُ مَكْسًا جَبَى مَالًا وَالمَكْسُ فى البَيْعِ النَّقْصُ وَالظُّلْمُ: in the TḲ we find جنى مالا, which is certainly a mistake:]) or مَكْسٌ signifies the diminishing (إِنْتِقَاص) of the price of a commodity: (M, TA:) andمِكَاسٌ↓, the acting with mutual niggardliness in bargaining; or, accord. to EshShereeshee, the vying in acuteness between a seller and buyer, the former demanding a price and the latter offering less, time after time, until they agree to a reduced price. (Ḥar, p. 586.) You say also, مُكِسَ, meaning, He (a man) suffered a diminution, or deduction, in selling or buying and the like. (TA.)

[Hence, perhaps, or the reverse may be the case,] He wronged a man; treated him, or used him, wrongfully, injuriously, or tyrannically. (A,* Ḳ,* TḲ. [In the first and second, only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense is mentioned.])

[Hence, also, app.,] He (the مَكَّاس, Mgh, Mṣb) collected a tax; syn. جَبَى; [particularly, the tax termed مَكْس:] (Ṣ,* M, Mgh,* Mṣb [in the first and third of which, only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense is mentioned:]) or he collected property. (A.) Hence the saying, (Mgh,) in a trad., (Ṣ,) لَا يَدْجُلُ صَاحِبُ مَكْسٍ الجَنَّةَ (Ṣ, Mgh) [The taker of the tax termed مكس will not enter paradise]; meaning, the عَشَّار. (TA.)

ماكس فِى البَيْعِ: see 1.

ماكسهُ, (Ḳ,) inf. n. مُمَاكَسَةٌ [and مِكَاسٌ], (TA,) He acted with him in a niggardly, a tenacious, or an avaricious, manner; syn. شَاحَّهُ: (Ḳ: but in some copies, شَاكَسَهُ. TA,) or ماكسهُ فى البَيْعِ signifies he contended with him [by bidding against him or otherwise] in the sale. (MA.) [See, in art. كيس, voce كَاسَ, an ex. from a trad., accord. to one reading thereof.]

تماكسا They acted in a niggardly, a tenacious, or an avaricious, manner, each with the other, in bargaining: (IDrd, Ḳ:) or تماكسوا فِى البَيْعِ they contended, one with another, [by outbidding or otherwise] in the sale. (MA.)

مَكْسٌ, an inf. n., (see 1,) used as a subst., (Mgh, Mṣb,) Money that used to be taken from the seller of commodities in the markets in the time of ignorance: (IDrd, M, Ḳ:) and a dirhem which the collector of the poor-rate used to take after he had finished the receipt of that tribute: (IAạr, Ḳ:) or what is taken by the عَشَّار, (Ṣ, Mgh,) or مَاكِس, (Ṣ,) or مَكَّاس: (Mgh, Mṣb:) so [accord. to some] in the verse above cited: (Ṣ:) the tax, or impost, which he used to take: (TA:) and generally, what the Sultán's guards take wrongfully on an occasion of buying and selling: so [accord. to some] in the verse cited above: (Mṣb:) pl. مُكُوسٌ. (A, Mgh, Mṣb.)

مَكَّاسٌ (A, Mgh, Mṣb) andمَاكسٌ↓ (Ṣ) One who takes, or receives, what is termed مَكْس: (Mgh, Mṣb;) i. e., (Mgh,) i. q. عَشَّارٌ. (Ṣ, Mgh.)