Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

by Edward William Lane (1801-1876)

Toggle Menu

طلم طلو / طلى طم

طلو and طلى


1. ⇒ طلوطلى

طَلَوْتُ الطّلَا, (Ṣ, TA,) or الطَّلِىَّ, aor. أَطْلُو; (TA;) and طَلَيْتُهُ, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) aor. أَطْلِى, inf. n. طَلْىٌ; (TA;) I tied the young lamb or kid, (Ṣ, Ḳ,* TA,) by its leg, (Ṣ, TA,) to a peg, or stake; (TA;) and confined, restrained, or withheld, it. (Ṣ.) And طَلَيْتُ الشَّىْءَ I confined, restrained, or withheld, the thing. (Ṣ, Ḳ,* TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: 1. Dissociation: B

طَلَيْتُهُ بِهِ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb,) aor. أَطْلِى, (Mṣb,) inf. n. طَلْىٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) I daubed, bedaubed, smeared, or besmeared, it; (Mgh;) [rubbed, or did, it over; anointed, painted, varnished, plastered, coated, overspread, or overlaid, it; with it; i. e. with any fluid, semifluid, liniment, unguent, or the like; as, for instance,] with oil, (Ṣ,) or tar, (Mgh,) or clay, or mud, (Mṣb,), &c. (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb.) You say, طَلَى البَعِيرَ الهِنَآءَ, and بِالهِنَآءِ, [the latter of which is the more common,] aor. يَطْلِى, (Ḳ,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He daubed, bedaubed, smeared, or besmeared, the camel with tar; as alsoطلّاهُ↓, [but app. in an intensive sense, or relating to several objects,] (Ḳ, TA,) inf. n. تَطْلِيَةٌ. (TA.) [And طَلَاهُ بِالذَّهَبِ He gilded it. And طَلَاهُ بِالفِضَّةِ He silvered it.]

Root: طلو - Entry: 1. Signification: B2

Hence, طَلَى اللَّيْلُ الآفَاقَThe night covered [with its darkness] the adjacent regions, or the tracts of the horizon; like as when a camel is daubed with tar. (TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: 1. Signification: B3

And طَلَى, aor. يَطْلِى, † He reviled [another], or vilified [him]; (TA;) as alsoطلّى↓, (Ḳ,* TA,) inf. n. تَطْلِيَةٌ; (Ḳ;) or تَطْلِيَةٌ signifies the reviling, or vilifying, in a foul manner. (IAạr, TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: 1. Signification: B4

And طَلَى البَقْلُThe herbs, or leguminous plants, appeared upon the surface of the earth [as though they overspread it with a coating of colour]. (TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: 1. Dissociation: C

طَلِىَ فُوهُ, aor. يَطْلَى, inf. n. طَلًا, His mouth had a yellowness in the teeth. (Ṣ, TA.) طَلًا [in relation to the mouth but in a somewhat different sense] is mentioned in the Ḳ in art. طلو and not in art. طلى; but it belongs to both of these. (TA.)


2. ⇒ طلّوطلّى

Root: طلو - Entry: 2. Signification: A2

طَلَّيْتُ فُلَانًا, (Ṣ,) inf. n. تَطْلِيَةٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) signifies also I tended, or took care of, such a one in his sickness; undertook, or managed, or superintended, the treatment of him therein. (Ṣ, Ḳ,* TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: 2. Dissociation: B

And التَّطْلِيَةُ also signifies The act of singing. (AA, Ḳ.)


4. ⇒ اطلواطلى

اطلت She (a wild animal) had with her a young one, which is termed طَلًا. (IḲṭṭ, TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: 4. Dissociation: B

اطلى (said of a man, Ṣ, TA, and of a camel, TA) He had an inclining of the neck (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA) towards one side when said of a man, (TA,) on the occasion of death, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) or on some other occasion. (Ṣ, TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: 4. Signification: B2

Hence, (IAth, TA,) مَا أَطْلَى نَبِىٌّ قَطُّ, (Ḳ, TA,) occurring in a trad., (TA,) means مَا مَالَ إِلَى هَوَاهُ [i. e. † No prophet ever inclined to his natural desire]: (Ḳ, TA:) as some relate it, مَا ٱطَّلَى; but this is a mistake. (TA.)


5. ⇒ تطلّوتطلّى

تطلّى: see 8.

Root: طلو - Entry: 5. Signification: A2

Also, (said of a man, TA,) He kept to diversion, sport, or play, and mirth. (Ḳ, TA.)


8. ⇒ اطّلواطّلى

اِطَّلَى, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb,) andتطلّى↓, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) [He, or it, was, or became, daubed, bedaubed, smeared, or besmeared; rubbed, or done, over; anointed, painted, varnished, plastered, coated, overspread, or overlaid: or] he daubed,, &c., himself: (Ṣ,* Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ:*) بِهِ [with it]; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) i. e. [with any fluid, semifluid, liniment, unguent, or the like; as, for instance,] with oil, (Ṣ,) or tar, (Mgh, Ḳ,) or clay, or mud, (Mṣb,), &c. (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb.)


12. ⇒ اطلولواطلولى

اِطْلَوْلَى He was good in speech:

Root: طلو - Entry: 12. Dissociation: B

and He was defeated, or put to flight. (IAạr, TA in art. خلى.)


طَلًا

طَلًا The young one of any of the cloven-hoofed animals: (Ṣ, TA: [in the latter of which is added, as from the Ṣ, وَالخُفِّ; but this is app. a mistake:]) or the young one of the gazelle, when just born: (M, Mṣb, Ḳ: [see شَصَرٌ:]) and the youngling, of any kind; as alsoطَلْوٌ↓; (Ḳ, TA;) which latter is mentioned by IDrd; but expl. by him as meaning the young one of a wild animal: (TA:) andطِلْوَةٌ↓ has this last meaning (Ḳ, TA) likewise accord. to IDrd: (TA:) thepl. [of pauc.] of طَلًا is أَطْلَآءٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and [of mult.] طِلَآءٌ (Ḳ) and طُلِيٌّ (Ḳ, TA, but omitted in the CK) and طِلِىٌّ (Lth, TA) and طُلْيَانٌ (Ḳ) and طِلْيَانٌ. (Lth, Ḳ.) [See also طَلِىٌّ.]

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلًا Signification: A2

[And, accord. to Freytag (in art. طلى), An infant until a month old or more: but for this he has named no authority.]

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلًا Dissociation: B

And The person; syn. شَخْصٌ. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) So in the saying, إِنَّهُ لَجَمِيلُ الطَّلَا [Verily he is goodly, or comely, in person]. (Ṣ.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلًا Dissociation: C

Also Daubed, or smeared, (مَطْلِىٌّ↓,) with tar. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) [See also طَلْيَآءُ.]

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلًا Signification: C2

And A man having a severe disease: (Ḳ, TA:) having no dual nor pl., or, as some say, (TA,) the pl. is أَطْلَآءٌ, and the dual is طَلَيَانِ. (Ḳ, TA.) [See also مُطَلًّى.]

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلًا Dissociation: D

And Desire; syn. هَوًى. (Ḳ, TA.) So in the saying, قَضَى طَلَاهُ مِنْ حَاجَتِهِ [He accomplished his desire of that which he wanted]. (Ḳ, TA.) [Or, as Freytag says, on the authority of the Deewán of the Hudhalees, accord. to some it signifies Pleasure (voluptas): and accord. to others, thirst. But see طِلًا.]

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلًا Signification: D2

See also طُلَاوَةٌ, in two places.

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلًا Dissociation: E

And see also طِلَآء, last sentence.


طِلًا

طِلًا Pleasure, or delight. (Ḳ.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طِلًا Dissociation: B

طَلْوٌ

طَلْوٌ: see طَلًا, first sentence.


طِلْوٌ

طِلْوٌ The wolf. (Ḳ.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طِلْوٌ Signification: A2

And A hunter, or pursuer of wild animals or the like, slender in body: (Aboo-Saʼeed, Ḳ, TA: [in the CK, القابِضُ is erroneously put for القَانِصُ:]) said to be [so called as being] likened to the wolf. (Aboo-Saʼeed, TA.) Et-Tirimmáh says,

* صَادَفَتْ طِلْواً طَوِيلَ الطَّوَى *
* حَافِظَ العَيْنِ قَلِيلَ السَّآمْ *

[She, or they, (app. referring to one or more of the objects of the chase,) encountered a hunter slender in body, a long endurer of hunger, one whom sleep did not overcome, little, or seldom, subject to disgust]. (Aboo-Saʼeed, TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طِلْوٌ Dissociation: B

See also طِلَآءٌ, last sentence.


طُلَاةٌ

طُلَاةٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA) accord. to AA and Fr, (Ṣ, TA,) and so says Sb on the authority of Abu-lKhattáb, (TA,) orطُلْيَةٌ↓ (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA) accord. to Aṣ, (Ṣ, TA,) each with damm, (TA,) is sing. of طُلًا or طُلًى; which signifies Necks: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or the bases of the necks: (M, Ḳ:) or the broad part [or parts] beneath the protuberant bone behind the ear: or, accord. to ISk, the sides of the neck: Sb says that طُلَاةٌ and طُلًا are of the class of رُطَبَةٌ, and رُطَبٌ, not of the class of تَمْرَةٌ and تَمْرٌ: (TA:) [but see art. رطب, in which it is said, as on the authority of Sb, that رُطَبٌ is not a broken pl. of رُطَبَةٌ, being masc. like تَمْرٌ:] طُلْوَةٌ↓, also, signifies the side of the neck, as a dial. var. of [طُلَاةٌ or of] طُلْيَةٌ. (TA.)


طُلْوَةٌ

طُلْوَةٌ The whiteness of the dawn, (Ḳ, TA,) and of blossoms, or flowers. (TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طُلْوَةٌ Dissociation: B

طِلْوَةٌ

طِلْوَةٌ: see طَلًا:

Root: طلو - Entry: طِلْوَةٌ Dissociation: B

and see also طِلآءٌ, last sentence.


طَلْيَةٌ

طَلْيَةٌ A single act of daubing or smearing or the like: pl. طَلَيَاتٌ. (Mgh.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلْيَةٌ Signification: A2

See also طِلَآءٌ, last sentence.


طُلْيَةٌ

طُلْيَةٌ: see طُلَاةٌ.

Root: طلو - Entry: طُلْيَةٌ Dissociation: B

Also A portion, tuft, or wisp, of wool, with which mangy camels are daubed [with tar]; also called رِبْذَةٌ: whence the saying, مَا يُسَاوِى طُلْيَةً [It is not worth a طلية]. (TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طُلْيَةٌ Signification: B2
Root: طلو - Entry: طُلْيَةٌ Signification: B3

And see طِلَآءٌ, last sentence.


طَلْيَآءُ

طَلْيَآءُ A she-camel daubed, or smeared, (مَطْلِيَّةٌ↓, Ḳ, TA,) with tar. (TA.) [See also طَلًا.]

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلْيَآءُ Signification: A2

And A mangy she-camel: (Ḳ:) app. so called because the she-camel is not daubed, or smeared, [with tar] unless mangy. (TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلْيَآءُ Signification: A3

And The rag of a menstruous woman: (Ḳ, TA:) whence the prov., أَهْوَنُ مِنَ الطَّلْيَآءِ [More despicable than the طلياء]: or, accord. to IAạr, this is called طُلْيَةٌ↓. (TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلْيَآءُ Signification: A4

[In some copies of the Ḳ, this word is erroneously put for طَلِيَّا, q. v.]


طُلَوَآءُ

طُلَوَآءُ: see طُلْوَانٌ.

Root: طلو - Entry: طُلَوَآءُ Dissociation: B

Also [The green substance that overspreads stale water, called] طُحْلُب; and soطُلَاوَةٌ↓. (Ṣgh, TA.)


طَلْوَانٌ

طَلْوَانٌ: see طُلَاوَةٌ.


طُلْوَانٌ

طُلْوَانٌ andطَلَوَانٌ↓ andطُلَوَآءُ↓ [or app. the last only accord. to some copies of the Ḳ] Expectation: and slowness, or tardiness; as alsoطَلَاوَةٌ↓, (Ḳ, TA,) with fet-ḥ. (TA.) See also طُلَاوَةٌ.


طَلَوَانٌ

طَلَوَانٌ: see the next preceding paragraph: and see also طُلَاوَةٌ.


طِلْيَانٌ

طِلْيَانٌ: see طَلِىٌّ.


طَلَيَانٌ

طَلَيَانٌ: see طُلَاوَةٌ.


طُلَآءٌ

طُلَآءٌ The coat upon the surface of blood. (Ḳ.) [See also طُلَاوَةٌ. And see طُلَّآءٌ.]


طِلَآءٌ

طِلَآءٌ Tar: and anything (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) of the like kind (Mgh, Mṣb) with which one daubs or smears or the like; [i. e. any fluid, semifluid, liniment, unguent, oil, varnish, plaster, or the like, with which a thing is daubed, smeared, rubbed or done over, anointed, painted, varnished, plastered, coated, overspread, or overlaid;] (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as alsoطُلَاوَةٌ↓, which by rule should be طُلَايَةٌ↓, for it is from طَلَيْتُ. (TA, in which طُلَايَةٌ is afterwards mentioned as having the same meaning.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طِلَآءٌ Signification: A2

And, as being likened thereto, † Any thick beverage or wine: (Mgh:) expressed juice of grapes cooked until the quantity of two thirds has gone by evaporation; (Ṣ, A, Mgh;) called by the Persians مَيْبُخْتَج [or مَىْ پُخْتَه]; called by the Arabs طِلَآء as being likened to tar: (A, Mgh:*) or thick expressed juice, or wine, cooked until half of it has gone: (Ḳ:) in a verse of Ibn-Sukkarah, shortened to طِلًا↓, for the sake of the metre. (Ḥar p. 302.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طِلَآءٌ Signification: A3

And † Wine [in an absolute sense] (Ṣ, Ḳ) is thus called by some of the Arabs, for the purpose of euphemism. (Ṣ.) ʼObeyd Ibn-El-Abras said to El-Mundhir when he [the latter] desired to slay him, هِىَ الخَمْرُ تُكْنَى الطِّلَآءَ كَمَا الذِّئْبُ يُكْنَى أَبَا جعْدَةَ [It is wine: it is surnamed الطلآء like as the wolf is surnamed ابو جعدة]: i. e. thou pretendest to show honour to me while desiring to slay me; like the wolf, whose acting is not good though his surname is good: (Ṣ:) or, as cited by IḲt, عَنِ الخَمْرِ تَكْنِى الطِّلَآءَ: and in the M,

* هَىِ الخَمْرُ يَكْنُونَهَا بِالٰطِّلَآءِ *

[forming a hemistich; the words كَمَا الذِّئْبُ الخ, cited above, completing the verse]. (TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طِلَآءٌ Signification: A4

And † The ashes between the three stones upon which the cooking-pot is placed: so called by way of comparison [to tar]. (TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طِلَآءٌ Signification: A5

And Pure silver. (TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طِلَآءٌ Signification: A6

And † Revilement, or reproach. (Ḳ.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طِلَآءٌ Dissociation: B

Also The cord with which the leg of the lamb, or kid, is tied (Ṣ, Ḳ) to a peg, or stake; (Ṣ;) and soطِلْوٌ↓ andطِلْوَةٌ↓: (TA:) or the string with which the leg of the kid is tied as long as he is little; (Lḥ, TA;) and soطُلْيَةٌ↓ andطَلْيَةٌ↓ andطَلًى↓ [or طَلًا]. (TA.)


طَلِىٌّ

طَلِىٌّ Confined, restrained, or withheld; [and particularly tied by the leg, as is shown by what follows;] as alsoمَطْلِىٌّ↓. (Ṣ.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلِىٌّ Signification: A2

And A young lamb or kid: (ISk, Ṣ, Ḳ:) so called because it is tied by the leg for some days to a peg, or stake: (ISk, Ṣ:) pl. طُلْيَانٌ; like رُغْفَانٌ, (ISk, Ṣ, Ḳ,) pl. of رَغِيفٌ: (ISk, Ṣ:) it is thus pluralized like a subst. because it is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant. (AAF, TA.) [See also طَلًا.]

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلِىٌّ Signification: A3

[Hence الطَّلِىُّ meaning † The sign of Aries: see an ex. voce حَمَلٌ.]

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلِىٌّ Dissociation: B

Also A yellowness in the teeth; and soطِلْيَانٌ↓: like صَبِىٌّ and صِبْيَانٌ [in form]. (Ṣ.) [See also طُلَاوَةٌ.]


طَلَاوَةٌ

طَلَاوَةٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places:

Root: طلو - Entry: طَلَاوَةٌ Dissociation: B

طُلَاوَةٌ

طُلَاوَةٌ, andطَلَاوَةٌ↓, (Az, Ṣ, ISd, Mṣb, Ḳ,) the former preferred by Az, (TA, and this, only, mentioned in the Mgh,) andطِلَاوَةٌ↓, (Ḳ,) Beauty, goodliness, grace, comeliness, or pleasingness: (Az,* ISd,* Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb,* Ḳ:) ISd says, it is in that which has growth and that which has not growth. (TA.) One says, عَلَيْهِ طُلَاوَةٌ [Upon him, or it, is an appearance of beauty,, &c.]. (Mṣb.) And مَا عَلَيْهِ طُلَاوَةٌ [There is not upon him, or it,, &c.]. (Ṣ.) And إِنَّ لِلْقُرْآنِ لَطُلَاوَةً [Verily to the Ḳur-án pertains beauty,, &c.]. (Mgh, from a trad.) And مَاعَلَى وَجْهِهِ حَلَاوَةٌ وَلَا طُلَاوَةٌ [There is not upon his face an appearance of sweetness nor an appearance of beauty,, &c.]. (TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طُلَاوَةٌ Signification: A2

Also, (Ḳ,) or the first, with damm, (TA,) Enchantment, or fascination: (Ḳ:) a meaning mentioned by ISd. (TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طُلَاوَةٌ Dissociation: B

And (the first, TA) The thin skin that overspreads the surface of milk, (T, ISd, Ḳ, TA,) as alsoطُلَايَةٌ↓, (Kr, TA,) or of blood. (ISd, Ḳ, TA. [See also طُلَآءٌ.])

Root: طلو - Entry: طُلَاوَةٌ Signification: B2

And Remains of food in the mouth. (Lḥ, Ḳ, TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طُلَاوَةٌ Signification: B3

And Saliva becoming dry (Ḳ, TA) and thick (TA) in the mouth, by reason of some accident, (Ḳ, TA,) or, as in the M, from thirst, (TA,) or disease; (Ḳ, TA;) the first and second have this meaning; (TA;) as alsoطَلًا↓ (Ḳ) [and app.طُلْوَانٌ↓ andطَلَوَانٌ↓ also accord. to the copies of the Ḳ followed in the TA; but see طُلْوَنٌ above]: it is also said that طَلْوَانٌ↓, with fet-ḥ, signifies saliva becoming dry upon the teeth from hunger; and has no pl.: طَلًا↓ is the inf. n. of طَلِىَ فُوهُ: and signifies also a whiteness that comes upon the teeth from disease or thirst; and soطَلَيَانٌ↓. (TA.) [See also طَلِىٌّ.]

Root: طلو - Entry: طُلَاوَةٌ Signification: B4

For other meanings of طُلَاوَةٌ, see طُلَوَآءُ,

Root: طلو - Entry: طُلَاوَةٌ Signification: B5

and طِلَآءٌ.

Root: طلو - Entry: طُلَاوَةٌ Signification: B6

It signifies also A small quantity of herbage or pasture. (TA.)


طِلَاوَةٌ

طِلَاوَةٌ: see طُلَاوَةٌ, first sentence.


طُلَايَةٌ

طُلَايَةٌ: see طِلَآءٌ:

Root: طلو - Entry: طُلَايَةٌ Signification: A2

طَلِيَّا

طَلِيَّا, thus correctly, as written by Ṣgh in the TṢ, not, as in the copies of the Ḳ, طَلْيَا [or طَلْيَآء], (TA,) The mange, or scab. (Ḳ, TA.) And A certain purulent pustule, [or eruption,] resembling the قُوبَآء [or ringworm], (Ḳ, TA,) that comes forth in a man's side; whereupon one says to him, “It is only قوبآء, and not طليّا;” thus making light of it to him. (TA.)


طُلَّى

طُلَّى A draught of milk: (Ḳ:) but this is of the measure فُعْلَى, belonging to art. طل. (TA. [See طُلَّةٌ in that art.])


طَلَّآءٌ

طَلَّآءٌ A seller of the thickened juice called طِلَآء. (MA.)


طُلَّآءٌ

طُلَّآءٌ Blood, (AʼObeyd, Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) itself; applied to that of a slain person: or, accord. to Aboo-Saʼeed, a thing [or fluid] that comes forth after the flow of the blood, differing from blood in colour, on the occasion of the exit of the soul of the slaughtered animal: and the blood with which one daubs, or smears. (TA.) [See also طُلَآءٌ.]


طَالٍ

طَالٍ A water to which camels come to drink overspread with [the green substance called] طُحْلُب [and طُلَوَآء]. (Ḳ, TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: طَالٍ Signification: A2

And ‡ A dark night: (AA, Ḳ, TA:) as though it smeared [with tar] the forms, or persons, of men, and obscured them. (AA, TA.)


مِطْلًى

مِطْلًى: see what next follows.


مِطْلَآءٌ

مِطْلَآءٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) andمِطْلًى↓ (Ḳ) A narrow tract of ground in which water flows: (Ḳ:) or soft ground that gives growth to the trees called عِضَاه, (as in the Ṣ and in some copies of the Ḳ,) or غَضًا: (so in other copies of the Ḳ and in copies of the T and M:) and المَطَالِى, which is the pl. [of the latter, or المَطَالِىُّ pl. of the former], signifies the soft places: (TA:) or the places in which the wild animals feed their younglings: (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA:) so it is said. (Ṣ.)


مَطْلِىٌّ / مَطْلِيَّةٌ

مَطْلِىٌّ: see طَلِىٌّ:

Root: طلو - Entry: مَطْلِىٌّ Dissociation: B
Root: طلو - Entry: مَطْلِىٌّ Signification: B2

[Hence,] أَمْرٌ مَطْلِىٌّA dubious and obscure affair, or case: as though it were smeared over with that which involved it. (TA.)

Root: طلو - Entry: مَطْلِىٌّ Signification: B3

And عُودٌ مَطْلِىٌّA stick, or rod, or branch, not stript of the peel or bark. (TA.)


مُطَلًّى

مُطَلًّى Having a constant, or chronic, disease, (Ḳ, TA,) and bent thereby. (TA.) [See also طَلًا.]

Root: طلو - Entry: مُطَلًّى Signification: A2

And Imprisoned without hope of liberation. (Ḳ.)


Indication of Authorities

Lexicological and Grammatical Terms

Lexicologists and Grammarians Cited