Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

by Edward William Lane (1801-1876)

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خشع خشف خشم


1. ⇒ خشف

خَشَفَ, aor. ـِ {يَخْشِفُ} (Ṣ, Ṣgh, L, Ḳ) and ـُ {يَخْشُفُ}, (L, Ḳ,) inf. n. خَشْفٌ, (Ṣ,) He, or it, made a sound, (L, Ḳ,) or what is termed حِسّ [i. e. a low, faint, gentle, or soft, sound], (Ṣ,) and an audible motion: (Ṣ, L:) said of a man: and said also of snow, as meaning it caused one to hear a [sound such as is termed] خَشْفَة in walking [upon it]; as is the case in intense cold. (Ṣ.) And خَشَفَ, aor. ـِ {يَخْشِفُ}, inf. n. خُشُوفٌ, said of snow, It was rough, so that it caused one to hear a خَشْفَة in walking [upon it]: and in like manner said of ice; i. e. it was soft, or yielding [to the feet, crackling], or easily broken. (TA.) A poet says, (Ṣ,) namely, El-Katámee, (TA,)

* إِذَا كَبَّدَ النَّجْمُ السَّمَآءَ بِشَتْوَةٍ *
* عَلَىحِينَ هَرَّ الكَلْبُ والثَّلْجُ خَاشِفُ *

[When the asterism of the Pleiades culminates in winter, at the time when the dog whines by reason of the cold, and the snow causes one to hear a slight sound in walking upon it]: (Ṣ:) or, accord. to IB, the right reading is, بِسُحْرَةٍ [a little before daybreak, or in the last third of the night]: (TA:) حين is here mansoob because على is made to be redundant, and because it is prefixed to a verbal proposition: (Ṣ:) this is the more approved way in a case of this kind, when the verb commencing the proposition is a pret.; but some say على حِينِ. (I’Aḳ p. 199.)

Root: خشف - Entry: 1. Signification: A2

خَشَفَ said of water, It froze. (Ḳ.)

Root: خشف - Entry: 1. Signification: A3

Said of cold, It was, or became, intense. (Ḳ.)

Root: خشف - Entry: 1. Signification: A4

خَشَفَ ِى السَّيْرِ, (Ḳ,) inf. n. خَشَفَانٌ, (JK,) He hastened, made haste, or sped, [app. so as to cause a slight sound to be heard,] in going, journeying, or pace. (JK,* Ḳ.) And مَرَّ يَخْشِفُ He passed along hastening. (TA.)

Root: خشف - Entry: 1. Signification: A5

خَشَفَ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَخْشُفُ} (Ṣ, TA) and ـِ {يَخْشِفُ}, (TA,) inf. n. خُشُوفٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) and خَشَفَانٌ, (Ḳ,) He went away in, or into, the land, or country. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) And خَشَفَ فُلَانٌ Such a one journeyed away, went away, or departed, or became hidden or concealed, syn. تَغَيَّبَ, (Ḳ, TA,) in the land, or country. (TA.)

Root: خشف - Entry: 1. Signification: A6

خَشَفَ فِى الشَّىْءِ (aor. ـِ {يَخْشِفُ} TA,) He entered into the thing; as alsoانخشف↓. (Ḳ.)

Root: خشف - Entry: 1. Signification: A7

خَشَفَ, inf. n. خَشَفَانٌ, He (a man) went, or travelled, by night. (Ḳ.)

Root: خشف - Entry: 1. Signification: A8

And He was bold, or daring, in night-journeying: or he went about, or round about, by night; (L, Ḳ, TḲ; but in the first and second, only the inf. n. is mentioned in this case;) and journeyed much by night. (L.) And خَشَفَ بِالقَوْمِ, aor. ـِ {يَخْشِفُ}, said of a guide of the way, He went about, or round about, by night, and hastened, or sped, with the party: (JK:) or خَشَفَ بِهِمْ, inf. n. خَشَافَةٌ, he (a guide of the way) acted with a penetrative energy, or with sharpness, vigorousness, and effectiveness, with them [in conducting them]; as alsoخشّف↓, inf. n. تَخْشِيفٌ. (Ḳ,* TA.)

Root: خشف - Entry: 1. Signification: A9

خَشَفَتْ بِوَلَدِهَا She (a woman) cast forth her child [from the womb]. (Ḳ.) And خُشِفَ بِهِ He, or it, was cast, or thrown; as also خُفِشَ به, and حُفِشَ به. (TA.)

Root: خشف - Entry: 1. Dissociation: B

خَشَفَ رَأْسَهُ بِالحَجَرِ He (a man, Ṣ) broke his head with the stone. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)


2. ⇒ خشّف


3. ⇒ خاشف

خاشف, (Ḳ,) inf. n. مُخَاشَفَةٌ, (JK, TA,) It (an arrow) caused a [sound such as is termed] حَشْفَة to be heard on its hitting the object aimed at: (Ḳ,* TA:) or it (an arrow) caused a [confused sound such as is termed] خَشْخَشَة to be heard from the inside of the animal hit thereby. (JK.)

Root: خشف - Entry: 3. Signification: A2

خاشف فِى الشَّرِّ, and إِلَى الشَّرِّ, He hastened in doing, and to do, evil, or mischief. (TA.)

Root: خشف - Entry: 3. Signification: A3

خاشف فِى ذِمَّتِهِ He hastened in breaking, or violating, his compact, covenant, or promise of protection or safeguard, or of security or safety. (Ḳ,* TA.)

Root: خشف - Entry: 3. Signification: A4

خاشف الإِبِلَ لَيْلَتَهُ He went, or kept pace, with the camels during his night; syn. سَايَرَهَا. (Ḳ.)


7. ⇒ انخشف


خُشْفٌ

خُشْفٌ: see خَشْفَةٌ, in two places:

Root: خشف - Entry: خُشْفٌ Dissociation: B
Root: خشف - Entry: خُشْفٌ Dissociation: C

خُشْفٌ

خُشْفٌ: see what next follows.


خِشْفٌ / خِشْفَةٌ

خِشْفٌ (Aṣ, JK, IDrd, Mṣb, Ḳ) andخُشْفٌ↓ andخَشْفٌ↓, (Ḳ,) the second of which is said by MF to be the most common, and then the first, (TA,) [but this is a mistake, for the first is the only form commonly occurring,] The young one of the gazelle; (JK, Mṣb;) applied to the male and the female; (Mṣb;) or the female is termed خشفة [i. e. خِشْفَةٌ and خِشْفَةِ and خَشْفَةٌ]: (Ḳ:) or the young one of the gazelle in the first stage after its birth: (Ḳ:) or after it is termed طَلًا; for it is called by the latter appellation when just born: (Aṣ, TA: [see شَصَرٌ:]) or after it is termed جَدَايَة: (TA:) or when it first walks: or she that flees, or goes away, from, or of, (مِنْ,) her young ones: (Ḳ: [a strange (as well as an ambiguous) explanation, seeing that the fem. is said in the Ḳ to be with ة {خِشْفَةٌ}:]) pl. خُشُوفٌ, (Mṣb,) or خِشَفَةٌ. (Ḳ.)


خَشَفٌ

خَشَفٌ andخَشِيفٌ↓ Rough snow, (JK, Ḳ,) that causes one to hear a [sound such as is termed] خَشْفَة in walking [upon it]: (TA:) and (in like manner, TA) ice that is soft, or yielding [to the feet, crackling], or easily broken: (Ḳ:) or the latter signifies [simply] snow. (Ṣ.) One says,أَصَبَحَ المَآءُ خَشِيفًا↓ [The water became ice such as was soft,, &c.]. (JK, TA.) [See also خَاشِفٌ.]


خَشْفَةٌ

خَشْفَةٌ (JK, Ṣ, Ḳ) andخَشَفَةٌ↓ (Mgh, Ḳ) andخَشْفٌ↓ (Ḳ) A sound: (Ḳ:) or such as is termed حِسٌّ; (Ṣ;) [i. e.] a low, faint, gentle, or soft, sound: (JK:) and a motion: (JK, Ṣ, Ḳ:) or a low, faint, gentle, or soft, حِسّ: or the first signifies the sound of the creeping of serpents; and the sound of the hyena: (Ḳ:) or a sound that is not loud, or vehement; (AʼObeyd;) and so the second: (Mgh:) or a single sound; so accord. to Fr: (Az, TA:) and the last signifies the sound of a sword falling upon flesh, and upon a weapon or weapons: and the sound of feet, such as is not loud, or vehement. (TA.)

Root: خشف - Entry: خَشْفَةٌ Dissociation: B

Also the first, A [tract of high ground such as is termed] قُفّ that is mostly soft. (L, Ḳ.)


خَشَفَةٌ

خَشَفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.


خَشُوفٌ

خَشُوفٌ A quick, or swift, man. (Ṣ.)

Root: خشف - Entry: خَشُوفٌ Signification: A2

One going away, or who goes away, into the land, or country; as alsoخَشِيفٌ↓ andخَاشِفٌ↓. (Ḳ.)

Root: خشف - Entry: خَشُوفٌ Signification: A3

One entering, or who enters, into a thing; as alsoخَشِيفٌ↓ andخَاشِفٌ↓ andمِخشَفٌ↓. (Ḳ.) One who enters into affairs (Ḳ, TA) and fears not, or dreads not; as alsoمِخْشَفٌ↓. (TA.)

Root: خشف - Entry: خَشُوفٌ Signification: A4

Also andخَاشِفٌ↓ andخَاشِفَةٌ↓ sings. of خُشَّفٌ, which signifies Camels that journey by night: (Ṣ:) or, accord. to IB, the sing. of this pl. is خَاشِفٌ only: and the pl. of خُشُوفٌ is خُشَّفٌ [a mistranscription for خُشُفٌ]. (L.)

Root: خشف - Entry: خَشُوفٌ Signification: A5
Root: خشف - Entry: خَشُوفٌ Signification: A6

and the paragraph here next following.


خَشِيفٌ

خَشِيفٌ: see خَشَفٌ, in two places:

Root: خشف - Entry: خَشِيفٌ Dissociation: B

and خَشُوفٌ also, in two places.

Root: خشف - Entry: خَشِيفٌ Signification: B2

Also A sharp, or penetrating, sword; and soخَاشِفٌ↓ andخَشُوفٌ↓: (Ḳ:) or, applied to a sword, i. q. خَشِيبٌ [q. v.]. (JK.)

Root: خشف - Entry: خَشِيفٌ Signification: B3

And Water that runs in a [watercourse such as is termed] بَطْحَآء, beneath the pebbles, two or three days, and then goes away. (TA.)


الخَشَّافُ

الخَشَّافُ: see مِخْشَفٌ.

Root: خشف - Entry: الخَشَّافُ Signification: A2

أُمُّ خَشَّافٍ Calamity, or misfortune; (JK, Ḳ;) as also خَشَّافٌ, without أُمّ. (TA.)


خُشَّافٌ

خُشَّافٌ A certain nocturnal flying thing; (Mṣb;) the خُفَّاش [or bat], (Ṣ, Ḳ, Mṣb,) that flies by night: so says El-Fárábee, in section ش: (Mṣb:) formed by transposition from the latter word, which is the more chaste: (Ṣgh, Mṣb, TA:) or rather so called because of its خَفَشَان, i. e. its going about, or round about, by night: (Lth, TA:) or a certain flying thing, having two small eyes: (TA:) as some say, (Ṣ,) and thus also says El-Fárábee, (Mṣb,) the خُطَّاف [or swallow]: (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA:) he who says خُفَّاشٌ derives its name from the smallness of its eyes. (Lth, TA.)


خَاشِفٌ / خَاشِفَةٌ

[خَاشِفٌ act. part. n. of 1; fem. with ة {خَاشِفَةٌ}]: see 1.

Root: خشف - Entry: خَاشِفٌ Signification: A2

Water freezing, or in a state of congelation, and soخَشْفٌ↓. (TA.) [See خَشَفٌ.]

Root: خشف - Entry: خَاشِفٌ Signification: A3

See also خَشُوفٌ, in four places:

Root: خشف - Entry: خَاشِفٌ Signification: A4
Root: خشف - Entry: خَاشِفٌ Signification: A5

Also A boy light, or active, and brisk, lively, or sprightly; like خَاسِفٌ. (TA in art. خسف.)


أَخَاشِفُ

أَخَاشِفُ Hard tracts of land: with س, it signifies such as are soft. (Fr, Ḳ.)


مَخْشَفٌ

مَخْشَفٌ A place of ice; (Ṣgh, Ḳ;) [an icehouse;] this is the meaning of the term by which Lth explains it, namely, يَخَدَان, (Ṣgh, TA,) [or يَخْدَانْ,] which is Persian, and which the author of the L has mistranscribed نَجْرَان, adding thereto الذى يجرى عليه الباب. (TA.)


مُخْشِفٌ

ظَبْيَةٌ مُخْشِفٌ A she-gazelle having a خِشْف. (Ṣgh, Ḳ.)


مِخْشَفٌ

مِخْشَفٌ: see خَشُوفٌ, in two places.

Root: خشف - Entry: مِخْشَفٌ Signification: A2

Also A guide of the way (Lth, JK, Ḳ) who travels, or goes about, with people by night: (Lth, JK:) or who acts with a penetrative energy, and with sharpness, vigorousness, and effectiveness. (Ḳ.) A man (AA, Ṣ) bold, or daring, (AA, Ṣ, Ḳ,) to encounter the night, (Ṣ,) or to encounter the terror of the night, (AA,) or in night-journeying: (Ḳ:) or who goes about, or round about, by night; as alsoخَشُوفٌ↓: (Ḳ:) or this last, one who fears not by night: (JK:) or who goes away boldly in the night or in any case. (AA, IB.)

Root: خشف - Entry: مِخْشَفٌ Signification: A3

المِخْشَفُ The lion; (Ḳ;) because of his boldness in going about: (TA:) and soالخَشَّافُ↓. (JK.)


Indication of Authorities

Lexicological and Grammatical Terms

Lexicologists and Grammarians Cited