Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

by Edward William Lane (1801-1876)

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شجر شجع شجن


1. ⇒ شجع

شَجُعَ, aor. ـُ {يَشْجُعُ}, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. شَجَاعَةٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) He (a man, Ṣ) was, or became, courageous, brave, valiant, bold, daring, or stronghearted (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) on the occasion of war, or fight, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) making light of wars, by reason of his boldness. (Mṣb.) AZ says that سَجَاعَةٌ sometimes denotes a comparative quality in relation to him who is weaker than the person to whom it is ascribed. (Mṣb.)

Root: شجع - Entry: 1. Dissociation: B

شَجَعَهُ, aor. ـَ {يَشْجَعُ}, [which in this case is contr. to the general rule, notwithstanding the guttural letter, for by rule it should be ـُ,] He overcame him, or surpassed him, in شَجَاعَة [or courage,, &c.]. (Ḳ.) [See 3.]

Root: شجع - Entry: 1. Dissociation: C

شَجِعَ, aor. ـَ {يَشْجَعُ}, (Mṣb,) inf. n. شَجَعٌ, (IDrd, Mṣb, Ḳ,) He was, or became, tall. (IDrd, Mṣb, Ḳ.)


2. ⇒ شجّع

شجّعهُ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) inf. n. تَشْجِيعٌ, (Ḳ,) He encouraged him; or strengthened his heart; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) and emboldened him: (Ḳ:) or he said to him, Thou art شُجَاع [or courageous,, &c.]. (Sb, Ṣ, Ḳ.)


3. ⇒ شاجع

شَاجَعْتُهُ فَشَجَعْتُهُ [I strove to overcome or surpass him, or contended with him for superiority, in شَجَاعَة (or courage,, &c.), and] I overcame him, or surpassed him, therein. (TA.)


4. ⇒ اشجع

مَا أَشْجَعَهُ [How courageous, brave, valiant, bold, daring, or strong-hearted, is he, on the occasion of war, or fight!]. (TA in art بسل.)


5. ⇒ تشجّع

تشجّع He affected (تَكَلَّفَ) courage, bravery, valour, boldness, daringness, or strength of heart on the occasion of war, or fight; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) [he encouraged himself; made himself, or constrained himself to be, courageous:] and he feigned, or pretended to have, courage,, &c., on the occasion of war, or fight, not having it in him. (TA.)


شَجَعٌ

Penetrating energy; boldness. (Aṣ.)

Root: شجع - Entry: شَجَعٌ Signification: A2

شَجَعٌ Quickness of the shifting of the legs, in camels, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) or, accord. to IB, in horses. (TA.)


شَجِعٌ / شَجِعَةٌ

شَجِعٌ fem. with ة {شَجِعَةٌ}: see شُجَاعٌ, in three places.

Root: شجع - Entry: شَجِعٌ Signification: A2

شَجِعُ القَوَائِمِ Quick in the shifting of the legs, applied to a he-camel; and so شَجِعَةٌ andشَجْعَآءُ↓, applied to a she-camel. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) And قَوَائِمُ شَجِعَاتٌ Quick, and light, active, or nimble, legs. (TA.)

Root: شجع - Entry: شَجِعٌ Signification: A3

Mad, applied to a camel. (Ibn-ʼAbbád, Ḳ.)


شِجَعٌ

شِجَعٌ: see شُجَاعٌ.


شَجْعَةٌ

شَجْعَةٌ: see شُجَاعٌ:

Root: شجع - Entry: شَجْعَةٌ Dissociation: B
Root: شجع - Entry: شَجْعَةٌ Signification: B2

also Tall, and uncompact in frame:

Root: شجع - Entry: شَجْعَةٌ Signification: B3

and crippled by disease; or having a protracted disease: [whence] it is said in a prov., أَعْمَى يَقُودُ شَجْعَةً [A blind man leading one crippled by disease, or having a protracted disease: but in Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 119, the last word is written شَجَعَة, and said to be pl. ofشَاجِعٌ↓, and to signify, app., suffering paralysis]. (TA.)


شُجْعَةٌ

شُجْعَةٌ: see شُجَاعٌ.

Root: شجع - Entry: شُجْعَةٌ Dissociation: B

Also Cowardly, weak, (Ibn-ʼAbbád,) lacking strength or power or ability, lean, or emaciated, and small in body, having no heart; (Ibn-ʼAbbád, Ḳ;) as alsoشَجْعَةٌ↓: (Lḥ, Ḳ:) the former seems to have the meaning of a pass. part. n., [i. e. of مَشْجُوعٌ, q. v.,] like سُخْرَةٌ and other words. (Ibn-ʼAbbád.)


شِجَعَةٌ

شِجَعَةٌ: see شُجَاعٌ.


شَجَعَآءُ / شِجَعَآءُ / شَجْعَآءُ

شَجَعَآءُ [or شِجَعَآءُ or شَجْعَآءُ]: see شُجَاعٌ.


شَجْعَمٌ

شَجْعَمٌ A bulky serpent: or a malignant and audacious serpent: regarded by Sb as a quadriliteral-radical word. (TA.) [See also شُجَاعٌ.]


شَجَاعٌ

شَجَاعٌ: see what next follows.


شُجَاعٌ

شُجَاعٌ andشِجَاعٌ↓ (Lḥ, ISk, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) andشَجَاعٌ↓, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) which is of the dial, of Benoo- 'Okeyl, being made by them to accord with its contr., which is جَبَانٌ, (Mṣb,) andشَجِيعٌ↓ (Lḥ, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) andأَشْجَعُ↓ (Ṣ, Ḳ) andشَجِعٌ↓ (Ḳ) andشِجَعٌ↓, (as in some copies of the Ḳ,) orشِجَعَةٌ↓, (as in other copies of the Ḳ and in the TA,) [of all which forms the first is the most common,] Courageous, brave, valiant, bold, daring, or strong-hearted (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) on the occasion of war, or fight, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) making light of wars, by reason of boldness: (Mṣb:) fem. [of the 1st and 2nd and 3rd respectively] شُجَاعَةٌ and شِجَاعَةٌ (Ṣ,* Mṣb,* Ḳ) and شَجَاعَةٌ (Mṣb,* Ḳ) and شجاع also [without ة] (Mṣb) and [of the 4th] شَجِيعَةٌ↓ (Mṣb, Ḳ) and [of the 5th] شَجْعَآءُ↓ and [of the 6th] شَجِعَةٌ↓: (Ḳ:) pl. masc. (of the 1st, Ṣ, Mṣb) شِجْعَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (AO, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and [of the first three, and perhaps of the 4th also,] شَجَعَةٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) and (of the 1st, Ṣ) شِجْعَانٌ (Lḥ, Ṣ, Ḳ) and (of the 4th, Ṣ) شُجْعَانٌ (Lḥ, ISk, Ṣ, Ḳ) [or, accord. to IDrd, شجعان is a mistake, as is said in the TA, but the word is there written without any syll. signs,] and (of the 4th, Ṣ, Mṣb) شُجَعَآءُ↓ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and [of the 4th, and perhaps of others also,] شِجَاعٌ, (Ḳ,) and also, (but these are quasi-pl. ns., TA,) شَجْعَةٌ↓ (AO, Ṣ, Ḳ) andشُجْعَةٌ↓ (Ḳ) andشَجَعَآءُ↓ [app. a mistake for شِجَعَآءُ or شَجْعَآءُ]: (TA:) pl. fem. [all of شَجِيعَةٌ, or the last of شَجْعَآءُ or of شَجِعَةٌ,] شَجَائِعُ and شِجَاعٌ and شُجُعٌ: (Lḥ, Ḳ:) or شُجَاعٌ is [an epithet] peculiar to men: (Ḳ,* TA:) AZ says, “I have heard the Kilábees say, رَجُلٌ شُجَاعٌ, but they do not apply this epithet to a woman:” (Ṣ:) شَجِعَةٌ↓ andشَجِيعَةٌ↓, however, are applied to a woman, and signify bold, (Ibn-ʼAbbád, Ḳ,) longtongued, and vehemently clamorous, towards men; (Ibn-ʼAbbád, TA;) audacious in her speech, (Ibn-ʼAbbád, Ḳ, [but these two epithets as applied to a woman and signifying “bold”, &c. are omitted in the CK,]) and in her length of tongue, and vehement clamorousness. (Ibn-ʼAbbád, TA.)

Root: شجع - Entry: شُجَاعٌ Signification: A2

شُجَاعٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) andشِجَاعٌ↓ (Ḳ) also signify † The serpent; (Ḳ;) and so doesأَشْجَعُ↓: (TA:) or ‡ the male serpent: (Mgh, Ḳ:) or a certain species of serpent, (Sh, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) as alsoأَشْجَعُ↓, (Ṣ,) small, (Ḳ,) or slender, and asserted to be the boldest of the serpent-kind: (Sh:) pl. شِجْعَانٌ (Lḥ, IDrd, Ḳ) and شُجْعَانٌ, (IDrd, Ḳ,) the former of which is the more common: (IDrd:) the pl. of أَشْجَعُ is أَشَاجِعُ; or, as some say, this is pl. of أَشْجِعَةٌ, which ispl. [of pauc.] of شجاع, signifying the serpent. (TA.) [See also شَجْعَمٌ, above.]

Root: شجع - Entry: شُجَاعٌ Signification: A3

Also ‡ The serpent called صَفَرٌ, that presents itself in the belly (Ṣ, Ḳ,* TA) of a man, as the Arabs assert, when he has been long hungry: (Ṣ, TA:) but Aṣ says that شُجَاعُ البَطْنِ signifies † vehemence of hunger. (Az, TA.)


شِجَاعٌ

شِجَاعٌ: see شُجَاعٌ, in two places.


شَجِيعٌ

شَجِيعٌ; fem. شَجِيعَةٌ: see شُجَاعٌ, in three places.


شَاجِعٌ

شَاجِعٌ: see شَجْعَةٌ.


أَشْجَعُ

أَشْجَعُ; fem. شَجْعَآءُ: see شُجَاعٌ, in four places. You say also, لَبُؤَةٌ شَجْعَآءُ A bold lioness. (TA.)

Root: شجع - Entry: أَشْجَعُ Signification: A2

Applied to a man, accord. to some, it signifies, (Ṣ,) or it signifies also, (Ḳ,) In whom is lightness, or unsteadiness, like what is termed هَوَجٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) by reason of his strength. (Ṣ.) See also شَجِعٌ.

Root: شجع - Entry: أَشْجَعُ Signification: A3

Mad; or possessed by a devil: (TA:) Lth says that, applied to a man, it signifies one who is as though there were in him madness, or diabolical possession; but Az says that this is a mistake; for, were this its meaning, the poets would not have used it in praise. (TA, in another part of the art.)

Root: شجع - Entry: أَشْجَعُ Signification: A4

Tall: (IDrd, Mṣb, Ḳ:) and so the fem. applied to a woman. (IDrd, Mṣb.)

Root: شجع - Entry: أَشْجَعُ Signification: A5

Bulky; big-bodied; or stout: or, as some say, youthful; or in a state of youthful vigour. (TA.)

Root: شجع - Entry: أَشْجَعُ Signification: A6

The lion. (Lth, Ṣ, Ḳ.)

Root: شجع - Entry: أَشْجَعُ Signification: A7

It is said in the Ḳ that الأَشْجَعُ also signifies الدَّهْرُ [i. e. Time; or fortune;, &c.]; and J says that this is what the poet means by the expression, أَشْجَعُ أَخَّاذٌ: but this cannot be the correct meaning, for the poet, namely El-Aạshà, says,

* بِأَشْجَعَ أَخَّاذٍ عَلَى الدَّهْرِ حُكْمُهُ *

by الاشجع meaning himself, or some other thing. (TA.)

Root: شجع - Entry: أَشْجَعُ Dissociation: B

Also, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and إِشْجَعٌ, (Ḳ,) or the latter accord. to some, but this was not known to Abu-l-Ghowth, (Ṣ,) sing. of أَشَاجِعُ, [in some copies of the Ṣ written أَشَاجِيعُ, but the former, which, as is mentioned in the TA, is found in the handwriting of J, is that which is commonly known,] which signifies [The knuckles nearest to the wrist; this being what is meant by] the bases (أُصُول) of the fingers, which are connected with the tendons of the outer side of the hand: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) in the T, we find the heads (رُؤُوس) of the fingers, instead of اصول: (TA:) or اشجع in the hand and foot [but see what follows] signifies the tendons extended above the سُلَامَى [here meaning the metacarpal and metatarsal bones] from the wrist to the bases (أُصُول) of the fingers or toes, which are called أَطْنَابُ الأَصَابِعِ, above the outer side of the hand: or the bone which connects the finger with the wrist; [i. e. the metacarpal bone;] every finger having to it a bone thus called: he who says that the أَشَاجِع [so here instead of اشجع as above] are the tendons calls those bones the أُسْنَاع. (TA.) Aboo-Bekr is described as عَارِى الأَشَاجِعِ عَنْ مَفَاصِلِ الأَصَابِعِ, meaning Having little flesh upon what are thus termed: or having their tendons apparent. (TA.) [See also رَاجِبَةٌ and بُرْجُمَةٌ.]

Root: شجع - Entry: أَشْجَعُ Dissociation: C

أَشْجَعُ مِنْ دِيكٍ [More courageous than a cock] is one of the proverbs of the Arabs. (Mgh.)


مُشْجَعٌ

مُشْجَعٌ, like مُجْمَلٌ, (Ḳ, TA,) i. e. having the form of a pass. part. n., (TA,) [in the CK مَشْجَع, like مَحْمَل,] In the utmost state of madness, or diabolical possession: (Ḳ:) so says Ibn-ʼAbbád; and hence, accord. to him, شُجَاعٌ [but in what sense he does not say]. (TA.)


مَشْجُوعٌ

مَشْجُوعٌ Overcome, or surpassed, in شَجَاعَة [or courage,, &c.]. (Ḳ, TA.)


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Lexicological and Grammatical Terms

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