Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

تَرِبَ, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَتْرَبُ}, (Ḳ,) inf. n. تَرَبٌ, (M,) It (a thing) became dusted, or dusty; dust lighted upon it: (Ṣ, TA:) it (a place, M,) had much dust, or earth; abounded with dust, or earth. (M, Ḳ, TA.)

He (a man, M) had dust, or earth, in his hand. (M, Ḳ.)

Also, (T, Ṣ, M, &c.,) inf. n. as above, (M,) He clave to the dust, or earth: (M, Ḳ:) or he clave to the dust, or earth, by reason of poverty; (M;) he became so poor that he clave to the dust, or earth: (AʼObeyd, T:) or he became poor, (T, Ṣ, Mṣb,) as though he clave to the dust, or earth: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) and he suffered loss, and became poor, (M, Ḳ,) so that he clave to the dust, or earth; (M;) inf. n. as above, (M, Ḳ,) and مَتْرَبَةٌ, (M,) or مَتْرَبٌ, (Ḳ,) or both of these: (TA:) his wealth became little; (A;) as alsoاترب↓, (M, A, Ḳ,) andترّب↓: (Ḳ:) orاترب↓ signifies, (T, Ṣ, M,) or signifies also, (A, Ḳ,) and so تَرِبَ, (A,) andترّب↓, (Ḳ,) his wealth became much, or abundant, (T, M, A, Ḳ,) so that it was like the dust, or earth; which is the more known meaning of the verb; (M;) or he became rich; (Ṣ, Mṣb;) as though he became possessed of wealth equal in quantity to the dust, or earth: (Ṣ, A:) accord. to Abu-l-ʼAbbás, تَتْرِيبٌ↓ signifies [the having] much wealth; and also [the having] little wealth. (T.) You say,تَرِبَ بَعْدَ مَا أَتْرَبَ ↓, meaning He became poor after he had been rich. (A.)

تَرِبَتْ يَدَاكَ, (T, Ṣ, A, Mṣb, in the M and Ḳ يَدَاهُ,) a form of imprecation, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) meaning [May thine arms, or thy hands, cleave to the dust, or earth, by reason of poverty; as is implied in the T: or] may thy hands have in them dust, or earth: (Ḥam p. 275:) or mayest thou not obtain, or attain, good: (Ṣ, Ḳ:*) or mayest thou be unsuccessful, or fail of attaining thy desire, and suffer loss: (A:) occurring in a trad., and as some relate, (AʼObeyd, T,) not meant as an imprecation; (AʼObeyd, T, Mṣb;) being a phrase current with the Arabs, who use it without desiring its fulfilment; (AʼObeyd, T;) but meant to incite, or instigate: (Mṣb:) some say that it means may thy hands become rich; but this is a mistake: (AʼObeyd, T:) and it is said to mean لِلّٰهِ دَرُّكَ [which see in art. در]: and some say that it is literally an imprecation: but the first assertion is the most worthy of respect, (that it is not meant as an imprecation,) and is corroborated by the saying, in a trad., اِنْعِمْ صَبَاحًا تَرِبَتْ يَدَاكَ [Mayest thou have a pleasant morning: may thine arms, or thy hands,, &c.]. (TA.) تَرِبَتْ جَبِينُهُ [May his forehead (for so جبين here means, as it does in some other instances,) cleave to the dust, or earth,] was said by Moḥammad in reproving a man, and is said to mean a prayer that the man might be frequent in prostrating himself in prayer. (TA from a trad.) And he said to one of his companions, تَرِبَتْ نَحْرُكَ [May the uppermost part of thy breast cleave to the dust, or earth], and the man was [afterwards] slain a martyr: therefore this is to be understood in its obvious sense. (TA.)

See also 4, in four places.

ترّب, inf. n. تَتْرِيبٌ: see 1, in three places:

and see also 4, in four places.

تَارَبَتْهَا She became her تِرْب; (M, Ḳ;) [i. e.] she (a girl) matched her, namely, another girl; she was, or became, her match, fellow, or equal; syn. حَاذَتْهَا. (A, TA.)

[The inf. n.] مُتَارَبَةٌ also signifies The associating, or consorting, of أَتْرَابٌ [pl. of تِرْبٌ, q. v.]. (Ḳ.)

اترب: see 1, in three places.

اتربهُ He put dust, or earth, upon it, (Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ,) namely, a thing; (Ṣ, M;) as alsoترّبهُ↓: (A, Ḳ:) or the latter, inf. n. تَتْرِيبٌ, signifies he defiled it, or soiled it, (namely, a thing,) with dust, or earth: (Ṣ:) or you say, تَرَبَهُ↓, (TA,) or تَرَبَهُ بِالتُّرَابِ, (Mṣb,) aor. ـِ {يَتْرِبُ}, (Mṣb, TA,) inf. n. تَرْبٌ, (TA,) [meaning he sprinkled it with dust,] namely, a writing [for the purpose of drying up the ink], (Mṣb,) or a paper; (TA;) andترّبهُ↓, (T, Mṣb, TA,) with teshdeed, (Mṣb,) [meaning he sprinkled much dust upon it; or sprinkled it much with dust;] namely, a writing; (T, Mṣb, TA;) the latter having an intensive signification: (Mṣb:) or↓ the former of the last two verbs is used in speaking of anything that is improved, or put into a right or proper state [by means of dust or earth]; and↓ the latter of them, in speaking of anything that is injured or marred or spoiled [thereby]: you say,تَرَبَتِ↓ الإِهَابَ [She sprinkled, or put, dust, or earth, upon the hide], to prepare it properly for use; and so of a skin for water or milk. (TA.) It is said in a trad., [accord. to one reading,] اتْرِبُوا الكِتَابَ [Sprinkle ye the writing with dust]. (Ṣ. [So in three copies of that work: probably أَتْرِبُوا; but perhapsاِتْرِبُوا↓: the reading commonly known isتَرِّبُوا↓.])

اترب also signifies He possessed a slave who had been possessed three times. (T, Ḳ.)

تترّب He, (T,) or it, (Ṣ,) became defiled, or soiled, (T, Ṣ,) in the dust, or earth, (T,) or with dust, or earth: (Ṣ:) it had dust, or earth, sticking to it. (M.)

تِرْبٌ One born at the same time with thee; (M, Ḳ;) a coëtanean; a contemporary in birth; an equal in age: an equal; a match; a fellow; a peer, or compeer: syn. لِدَةٌ: (T, Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ:) and سِنٌّ: (M, A, Ḳ:) applied to a male and to a female; (TA;) but mostly to a female; (M;) or, accord. to an opinion confirmed by [most of] the leading lexicologists, only to a female; and سِنٌّ is applied, as also قَرْنٌ, to a male; and لِدَةٌ, to a male and a female: (TA:) pl. أَتْرَابٌ. (Ṣ, M, A.) [The following exs. are given.] You say, [applying it to a female,] هٰذِهِ تِرْبُ هٰذِهِ, (T, Ṣ,) and هِىَ تِرْبُهَا, (M,) and هِىَ تِرْبِى; (Ḳ;) and [applying it to females and males,] هُمَا تِرْبَانِ, (T, A,) and هُنَّ أَتْرَابٌ, (Ṣ, A,) and هُمْ أَتْرَابٌ. (A.) Accord. to Th, عُرُبًا أَتْرَبًا, in the Ḳur [lvi. 36], means [Showing love to their husbands;] like, or equal, unto them, or resembling them: which is a good rendering, as there is no begetting or bearing of children, [or rather as the latter word does not apply to females born or generated,] in that case. (TA.)

تَرِبٌ, applied to a place, (M, TA,) and to soil, (TA,) Abounding with dust; dusty: (T, M, TA:) and to food, (T,) or flesh-meat, (A,) defiled, or soiled, (T, A,) in the dust, (T,) or with dust. (A.) You say alsoأَرْضٌ تَرْبَآءُ↓ meaning Land in which are dust and moist earth. (M.) And رِيحٌ تَرِبَةٌ, (T, Ṣ, M,) and تَرِبٌ, (T,) A wind that carries with it dust: (T:) or that brings dust: (Ṣ:) or that drives along the dust: [or having dust: for] thus used it is a possessive epithet. (M.)

Also Cleaving to the dust by reason of want; having nothing between him and the earth: (IAạr, T:) [cleaving to the dust by reason of poverty; see 1:] poor, as though cleaving to the dust: (Mṣb:) and [simply,] poor: (IAạr, T, TA:) or needy, or in want. (M.) [See also مُتْرِبٌ.]

تُرْبَةٌ: see تُرَابٌ, in seven places.

Also A man's رَمْس [i. e. his grave: so in the present day: pl. تُربٌ: or the earth, or dust, thereof]: (M:) or a cemetery, burial-place, or place of graves or of a grave: [so, too, in the present day:] pl. تُرَبٌ. (Mṣb.)

تَرَبَةٌ: see the word next following

تَرِبَةٌ The end of a finger; i. e. the joint in which is the nail; syn. أَنْمَلَةٌ: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) pl. تَرِبَاتٌ. (Ṣ.)

Also, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) andتَرَبَةٌ↓, andتَرْبَآءُ↓, (M, Ḳ,) A certain plant, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) growing in the plains, or in soft land, having serrated leaves: or, as some say, a certain thorny tree, of which the fruit is like a suspended unripe date, growing in the plains, or in soft land, and in rugged ground, and in Tihámeh: accord. to AḤn, the تَرِبَة is a green herb, or leguminous plant, that has a purging effect upon camels: (M:) [accord. to Meyd, as stated by Golius, what is called in Persian خنفج; i. e. the plant thlaspi; and to this it is applied in the present day.]

تَرَبُوتٌ A submissive, or tractable, camel; applied to the male (T, Ṣ, M, Ḳ) and to the female: (T, Ṣ, Ḳ:) from تُرَابٌ, (Ṣ, M,) because of the abasement thereof; or, as Sb holds it to be, for دَرَبُوتٌ, by the change of د into ت: accord. to Lḥ, a [camel such as is termed] بَكْر that is trained, or rendered submissive or tractable; and in like manner a she-camel, one that will follow a person if he takes hold of her lip or her eyelash: and Aṣ, who derives it from تٌرَابٌ, says that this epithet is applied to land, or ground, and any other thing, that is ذَلُول [i.e. easy to walk or ride upon,, &c.]. (M.)

تُرَابٌ andتُرْبٌ↓ (Lth, T, Ṣ, M, A, Mṣb, Ḳ) andتَرْبٌ↓ (CK [but this I do not find elsewhere]) andتُرْبَةً↓ (Ṣ, A,* Ḳ) andتَرْبَآءُ↓ (Lth, T, Ṣ, A,* Ḳ) andتُرَبَآءُ↓ (Ṣ, M, Ḳ) andتَوْرَابٌ↓ andتَوْرَبٌ↓ andتَيْرَابٌ↓ andتَيْرَبٌ↓ [andتَيرَبٌ↓ as will be seen below] andتَرِيبٌ↓ (Ṣ, M, Ḳ) andتِرْيَبٌ↓, (M, Ḳ) accord. to MF تَرْيَبٌ↓, which is perhaps a dial. var., and accord. to some تِرْيِبٌ↓, andتَرْيَابٌ↓, (TA,) signify the same, (Lth, T, Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ,) and are words of which the meaning is well known: (A, Ḳ:) [i. e. Dust: and earth: generally the former; i. e. fine, dry, particles of earth; as when we say, الرِّيحُ تَسُوقُ التُّرَابَ The wind drives along the dust: but we also use the expression تُرَابٌ نَدٍ, meaning moist earth, the explanation, in Lexicons, of the word ثَرًى:] ?ثَرًى is تُرَابٌ; and when it ceases to be moist, it is still تراب, but is not then called ثرى: (Mṣb voce ثرى:) accord. to Fr, تُرَابٌ is a gen. n., from which is formed neither dual nor pl.: and its rel. n. is تُرَابِىٌّ↓: (TA:) [but when it means a kind of dust or earth, as تُرْبَةٌ↓ also does sometimes, it has a pl.: in this case,] accord. to Lḥ, (M,) its pl. is أَتْرِبَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and تِرْبَانٌ [a pl. of mult.]; (Ṣ, M, Ḳ) and some add تُرْبَانٌ: (TA:) [and when تُرْبَةٌ↓ has this, or a similar, meaning, it has for its pl. تُرَبٌ; as in the phrase أَطْيَبُ التُّرَبِ the best of the kinds of earth, occurring in this art. in the A:] but no pl. of any of the other syn. words mentioned above has been heard: (M, Ḳ:) AAF says that تراب is the pl. of ترب; [app. meaning that تُرَابٌ is a quasi-pl. n. (which is often called in lexicons a pl.) of تُرْبٌ;] but MF observes that this requires consideration: (TA:) Lth says that تُرْبٌ↓ and تُرَابٌ are syn.; but when the fem. forms of these words are used, they say, أَرْضٌ طَيّبَةُ التُّرْبَة↓ meaning Land that is good in respect of the natural constitution of its dust or earth; andتُرَابَةٌ↓ when meaning A layer, or lamina, of dust or earth, such as is not perceived by the sight, but only by the imagination: (T:) or this last word andتُرْبَةٌ↓ signify a portion of dust or earth: andتُرْبَةُ↓ الأَرْضِ signifies the exterior, or external part, of the earth: (M:) andالتَّرْبَآءُ↓, the earth (Ṣ, Ḳ) itself. (Ṣ.) The Arabs said, التُّرَابُ لَكَ [Dust, or earth, be thy lot]; using the nom. case, although meaning an imprecation, because the word is a simple subst., not an inf. n.: but Lḥ mentions the phrase التُّرَابَ لِلْأَبْعَدِ [Dust, or earth, be the lot of the remote from good]; saying that the accus. case is used, as though the phrase were an imprecation [of the ordinary kind, in which an inf. n. is used in the accus. case as the absolute complement of its own verb understood]. (M.) And لَهُ التُّرَابُ is a phrase used as meaning † [He has, or shall have, or may he have,] disappointment, (Mṣb in art. عهر,) or, nothing. (AʼObeyd, Mgh in art. فرش.) تُرْبًا↓ لَهُ وَجَنْدَلًا is also a form of imprecation, in which substs. in the proper sense of the term are used in the manner of inf. ns., put in the accus. case by reason of a verb unexpressed; as though it were for تَرِبَتْ يَدَاهُ وَجُنْدِلَتْ [May his arms, or his hands, cleave to the dust, or earth, and the stones, by reason of poverty]: and some of the Arabs put the nouns in the nom. case, still using the phrase in the same sense, as though they were in the accus. (M.) One says also,بِفِيهِ التَّوْرَبُ↓ andالتَّيْرَبُ↓ andالتِّيِرَبُ↓ andالتَّرْبَآءُ↓ andالتَّوْرَابُ↓ [In his mouth is dust, or earth: or may dust, or earth, be in his mouth; i. e. may he die, or be in his grave]. (T.) It is said in a trad. that God created theتُرْبَة↓ [meaning the dust, or soil, or, accord. to the TA the earth (أَرْض),] on the seventh day of the week; and created upon it the mountains on the first day; and the trees, on the second day. (T.) And one says,لَأَضْرِبَنَّهُ حَتَّى يَعَضَّ بِالتَّرْبَآءِ↓, (Lth, T, A,) meaning [I will assuredly beat him so that he shall bite] the dust, or earth. (Lth, T.) Andبَيْنَهُمَا مَا بَيْنَ الجَرْبَآءِ وَالتَّرْبَآءِ↓, meaning [Between them two is the space that is between] the heaven and the earth. (A.)

تَرِيبَةٌ, (Ṣ, M, TA,) orتَرِيبٌ↓, (TA,) sing. of تَرَائِبُ, (Ṣ, M, TA,) which signifies The part of the breast which is the place of the collar, or necklace: (T, M, Ḳ:) so by the common consent of the lexicologists: (T:) or the bones of the breast: (M, A, Ḳ:) or the bones of the breast that are between the collar-bone and the pap: (Ṣ:) or the part of the breast, or chest, that is next to the two collar-bones: or the part that is between the two breasts and the collar-bones: or four ribs of the right side of the chest and four of the left thereof: (M, Ḳ:) or the two arms and two legs and two eyes: (T, M, Ḳ:) it is also said that the تَرِيبَتَانِ are the two ribs that are next to the two collar-bones: IAth says that the تَرِيبَة is the uppermost part of the human breast, beneath the chin; and its pl. is as above: accord. to IF, in the Mj, the تريب↓ is the breast, or chest: MF says that ترائب relates to males and females in common; but most of the authors on strange words affirm decidedly that it is peculiar to women: (TA:) the تَرِيبَة of the camel is the part in which it is stabbed, or stuck; syn. مَنْحَر. (M.)

مُتْرِبٌ Possessing much wealth; (T, Ḳ;) rich; without want; or having wealth like the dust, or earth: (Lḥ and M: [in the TA, اترب is mentioned as having this meaning; perhaps by a mistranscription: if not, it must beأَتْرَبُ↓:]) and having little wealth: thus it bears two contr. significations: (Ḳ:) but the former is the more known. (TA.)

مَتْرَبَةٌ The suffering loss, and becoming poor, so as to cleave to the dust, or earth; an inf. n. of تَرِبَ: (M:) or poverty, or neediness: (Ṣ, TA:) [or (as a word of the same class as مَجْبَنَةُ and مَبْخَلَةٌ) a cause of cleaving to the dust, or earth: and hence,] ذُومَتْرَبَةٍ Poor, so as to be cleaving to the dust, or earth: (T:) or [simply] cleaving to the dust, or earth. (Ṣ.)